1 00:00:10,070 --> 00:00:08,549 hello i'm jd harrington public affairs 2 00:00:12,230 --> 00:00:10,080 officer for nasa's science mission 3 00:00:14,870 --> 00:00:12,240 directorate in washington dc 4 00:00:16,150 --> 00:00:14,880 i'd like to welcome you today to today's 5 00:00:18,630 --> 00:00:16,160 l14 media 6 00:00:20,950 --> 00:00:18,640 conference we will discuss the exciting 7 00:00:22,470 --> 00:00:20,960 launch of nasa's two radiation belt 8 00:00:25,109 --> 00:00:22,480 stone probes 9 00:00:26,870 --> 00:00:25,119 rbsp for short now this is going to 10 00:00:28,550 --> 00:00:26,880 happen on august 23rd from cape 11 00:00:30,630 --> 00:00:28,560 canaveral florida 12 00:00:32,630 --> 00:00:30,640 the two-year rbsp mission will help 13 00:00:35,350 --> 00:00:32,640 scientists develop an understanding 14 00:00:37,190 --> 00:00:35,360 of earth's van l and radiation belts in 15 00:00:37,830 --> 00:00:37,200 related regions that pose hazards to 16 00:00:40,630 --> 00:00:37,840 humans 17 00:00:42,069 --> 00:00:40,640 and exploration uh robotic exploration 18 00:00:43,750 --> 00:00:42,079 for explorers 19 00:00:45,750 --> 00:00:43,760 before we get started a few housekeeping 20 00:00:47,910 --> 00:00:45,760 duties we have four panelists 21 00:00:49,750 --> 00:00:47,920 joining us today each will give a short 22 00:00:51,270 --> 00:00:49,760 four to six minute briefing on their 23 00:00:52,790 --> 00:00:51,280 specific topic 24 00:00:54,470 --> 00:00:52,800 besides seeing their graphics here on 25 00:00:55,189 --> 00:00:54,480 television you can also see them on the 26 00:00:58,510 --> 00:00:55,199 website 27 00:01:01,990 --> 00:00:58,520 at www.nasa.gov 28 00:01:03,430 --> 00:01:02,000 rbsp after the panelist discussion 29 00:01:05,509 --> 00:01:03,440 we'll move to the question and answer 30 00:01:06,950 --> 00:01:05,519 session accepting questions from media 31 00:01:08,950 --> 00:01:06,960 here at nasa headquarters 32 00:01:11,190 --> 00:01:08,960 those at the centers and others from 33 00:01:13,109 --> 00:01:11,200 that dial into the telephone bridge 34 00:01:14,390 --> 00:01:13,119 you can also ask questions submitted via 35 00:01:17,510 --> 00:01:14,400 the twitter sphere 36 00:01:19,270 --> 00:01:17,520 by using the hashtag ask nasa 37 00:01:20,550 --> 00:01:19,280 this media conference will be limited to 38 00:01:23,350 --> 00:01:20,560 one hour 39 00:01:24,070 --> 00:01:23,360 today's panelists include lika gujarat 40 00:01:26,390 --> 00:01:24,080 curta 41 00:01:32,550 --> 00:01:26,400 the living with a star program scientist 42 00:01:36,230 --> 00:01:35,350 besides lika we have mona kessel the 43 00:01:38,830 --> 00:01:36,240 rbsp 44 00:01:41,590 --> 00:01:38,840 program scientist also from nasa 45 00:01:44,550 --> 00:01:41,600 headquarters 46 00:01:47,030 --> 00:01:44,560 barry mock the rbsp project scientist 47 00:01:51,749 --> 00:01:47,040 from johns hopkins universities applied 48 00:01:55,510 --> 00:01:54,710 and rick fitzgerald the rbsp project 49 00:01:58,789 --> 00:01:55,520 manager 50 00:02:00,870 --> 00:01:58,799 from also from apl laurel maryland 51 00:02:01,990 --> 00:02:00,880 and with that let's get started here's 52 00:02:05,270 --> 00:02:02,000 lika 53 00:02:07,910 --> 00:02:05,280 thank you jd good afternoon 54 00:02:10,469 --> 00:02:07,920 after the very successful landing of 55 00:02:14,070 --> 00:02:10,479 nasa's mars science laboratory with 56 00:02:16,550 --> 00:02:14,080 all lies focused on planet mars i think 57 00:02:18,550 --> 00:02:16,560 it's time to bring our attention back to 58 00:02:21,110 --> 00:02:18,560 planet earth once again 59 00:02:21,990 --> 00:02:21,120 not only do we live here but we are also 60 00:02:24,070 --> 00:02:22,000 launching the 61 00:02:26,470 --> 00:02:24,080 second mission of living with a star 62 00:02:27,350 --> 00:02:26,480 program called radiation build storm 63 00:02:31,030 --> 00:02:27,360 probes 64 00:02:31,830 --> 00:02:31,040 for short rbsp the radiation belts are 65 00:02:34,949 --> 00:02:31,840 the first 66 00:02:38,229 --> 00:02:34,959 and perhaps the oldest discovery of 67 00:02:40,309 --> 00:02:38,239 the space age yet they remain a mystery 68 00:02:41,350 --> 00:02:40,319 simply because this is a very harsh 69 00:02:43,910 --> 00:02:41,360 environment 70 00:02:45,509 --> 00:02:43,920 where satellites don't last for very 71 00:02:49,030 --> 00:02:45,519 long and we don't have 72 00:02:52,150 --> 00:02:49,040 a lot of data we still don't understand 73 00:02:53,190 --> 00:02:52,160 how the belts behave nor do we have the 74 00:02:55,990 --> 00:02:53,200 ability to make 75 00:02:56,790 --> 00:02:56,000 key predictions which is really very 76 00:02:58,630 --> 00:02:56,800 important 77 00:03:00,790 --> 00:02:58,640 and i hope with the launch of these two 78 00:03:02,710 --> 00:03:00,800 probes we will be answering many of 79 00:03:05,270 --> 00:03:02,720 these questions 80 00:03:06,790 --> 00:03:05,280 my esteemed colleagues to my left they 81 00:03:08,630 --> 00:03:06,800 are going to talk about the details of 82 00:03:10,869 --> 00:03:08,640 the mission and its signs 83 00:03:12,710 --> 00:03:10,879 and let me talk a little bit about the 84 00:03:14,550 --> 00:03:12,720 program itself living with the star 85 00:03:17,430 --> 00:03:14,560 program 86 00:03:18,869 --> 00:03:17,440 uh most of you know that we live in the 87 00:03:22,470 --> 00:03:18,879 outer atmosphere 88 00:03:24,630 --> 00:03:22,480 of our star the sun and it's not only 89 00:03:26,390 --> 00:03:24,640 our planet but every other planet 90 00:03:29,990 --> 00:03:26,400 everything in the solar system 91 00:03:32,789 --> 00:03:30,000 is immersed in the solar environment 92 00:03:33,750 --> 00:03:32,799 even though with our unaided eyes we 93 00:03:36,070 --> 00:03:33,760 just kind of 94 00:03:37,750 --> 00:03:36,080 look at the sun and it looks like a 95 00:03:40,470 --> 00:03:37,760 placid yellow ball 96 00:03:41,430 --> 00:03:40,480 when we look at the sun with um you know 97 00:03:43,350 --> 00:03:41,440 telescopes 98 00:03:45,509 --> 00:03:43,360 uh we find like solar dynamics 99 00:03:45,990 --> 00:03:45,519 observatory first mission of living with 100 00:03:48,949 --> 00:03:46,000 the star 101 00:03:51,190 --> 00:03:48,959 program what we find is a really 102 00:03:55,110 --> 00:03:51,200 seething boiling surface 103 00:03:59,910 --> 00:03:55,120 a very dynamic sun which has tremendous 104 00:04:00,630 --> 00:03:59,920 influence on the environment in geospace 105 00:04:03,509 --> 00:04:00,640 even 106 00:04:04,309 --> 00:04:03,519 as we search for life on mars that's why 107 00:04:07,750 --> 00:04:04,319 we launched 108 00:04:10,869 --> 00:04:07,760 msl it is kind of interesting to know 109 00:04:13,350 --> 00:04:10,879 that under the protective shield 110 00:04:14,869 --> 00:04:13,360 of earth's magnetosphere and and 111 00:04:18,069 --> 00:04:14,879 atmosphere 112 00:04:20,710 --> 00:04:18,079 earth still remains an island 113 00:04:21,509 --> 00:04:20,720 in the universe i would say in which 114 00:04:24,550 --> 00:04:21,519 life has 115 00:04:24,870 --> 00:04:24,560 evolved and flourished and the origins 116 00:04:28,070 --> 00:04:24,880 and 117 00:04:30,950 --> 00:04:28,080 fate of life here on earth is really 118 00:04:33,110 --> 00:04:30,960 intimately connected to the sun and 119 00:04:34,710 --> 00:04:33,120 solar variability and how the earth 120 00:04:37,270 --> 00:04:34,720 responds to that 121 00:04:39,430 --> 00:04:37,280 recognizing this importance between the 122 00:04:40,629 --> 00:04:39,440 connection between sun and earth sun and 123 00:04:43,990 --> 00:04:40,639 solar system 124 00:04:46,790 --> 00:04:44,000 in 2001 nasa initiated a program called 125 00:04:48,230 --> 00:04:46,800 living with a star program whose goal is 126 00:04:50,710 --> 00:04:48,240 to really go after 127 00:04:51,830 --> 00:04:50,720 the science of the connected sun earth 128 00:04:54,230 --> 00:04:51,840 system 129 00:04:55,510 --> 00:04:54,240 but the ones that have relevance to life 130 00:04:58,390 --> 00:04:55,520 and society so 131 00:05:00,390 --> 00:04:58,400 basic science with science uh with 132 00:05:02,790 --> 00:05:00,400 relevance to life and society 133 00:05:04,230 --> 00:05:02,800 kind of science in pasture mode and this 134 00:05:07,189 --> 00:05:04,240 becomes very clear 135 00:05:08,550 --> 00:05:07,199 with this um chart that i'm about to 136 00:05:11,830 --> 00:05:08,560 show you which kind of 137 00:05:14,230 --> 00:05:11,840 gives you on the top panel the aspects 138 00:05:16,310 --> 00:05:14,240 of basic science solar variability and 139 00:05:18,950 --> 00:05:16,320 its impact on our magnetosphere 140 00:05:20,550 --> 00:05:18,960 something we will be studying with rbsp 141 00:05:22,870 --> 00:05:20,560 solar variability and its 142 00:05:24,310 --> 00:05:22,880 impact on different kinds of planet 143 00:05:25,950 --> 00:05:24,320 planetary environments 144 00:05:27,670 --> 00:05:25,960 that might or might not have 145 00:05:29,670 --> 00:05:27,680 magnetosphere um 146 00:05:31,510 --> 00:05:29,680 solar variability and it's not 147 00:05:35,029 --> 00:05:31,520 necessarily solar variability 148 00:05:36,230 --> 00:05:35,039 but in general sort of variability of 149 00:05:39,510 --> 00:05:36,240 radiation 150 00:05:40,310 --> 00:05:39,520 in the magnetized uh universe uh the 151 00:05:42,710 --> 00:05:40,320 plasma 152 00:05:44,070 --> 00:05:42,720 that surrounds that most of our universe 153 00:05:46,390 --> 00:05:44,080 is actually filled with 154 00:05:47,909 --> 00:05:46,400 magnetized plasma so this mission is 155 00:05:51,110 --> 00:05:47,919 actually going to provide some 156 00:05:54,550 --> 00:05:51,120 critical insight into that as well 157 00:05:57,510 --> 00:05:54,560 when we go to the lower uh panel 158 00:05:59,029 --> 00:05:57,520 what you see is the relevant side of it 159 00:06:02,230 --> 00:05:59,039 essentially 160 00:06:05,990 --> 00:06:02,240 modern uh human technology has become 161 00:06:09,029 --> 00:06:06,000 very susceptible to solar storm solar 162 00:06:10,870 --> 00:06:09,039 coronal mass ejections solar wind what 163 00:06:13,029 --> 00:06:10,880 you're looking in that picture 164 00:06:14,629 --> 00:06:13,039 are these that solar storms can affect 165 00:06:16,309 --> 00:06:14,639 satellites in space 166 00:06:18,070 --> 00:06:16,319 astronauts doing extra vehicular 167 00:06:20,629 --> 00:06:18,080 activity power grids 168 00:06:22,150 --> 00:06:20,639 uh even smart power grids uh 169 00:06:25,350 --> 00:06:22,160 communication navigation 170 00:06:26,629 --> 00:06:25,360 system uh air traffic uh and even 171 00:06:28,469 --> 00:06:26,639 terrestrial climate 172 00:06:29,909 --> 00:06:28,479 so there's a deep connection between how 173 00:06:33,430 --> 00:06:29,919 the sun varies 174 00:06:37,029 --> 00:06:33,440 and its relevance to life and society 175 00:06:39,670 --> 00:06:37,039 now in addition to the sun producing 176 00:06:42,150 --> 00:06:39,680 radiation something that sun also 177 00:06:46,710 --> 00:06:42,160 produces is what's called a solar wind 178 00:06:49,189 --> 00:06:46,720 this is a hot million miles per hour 179 00:06:51,110 --> 00:06:49,199 wind which consists of electrons and 180 00:06:53,670 --> 00:06:51,120 protons and if i can get the 181 00:06:56,070 --> 00:06:53,680 next chart please and this is this kind 182 00:06:59,350 --> 00:06:56,080 of blows out continuously from 183 00:07:02,230 --> 00:06:59,360 the sun and um it's it's the 184 00:07:04,629 --> 00:07:02,240 next movie and and what what this shows 185 00:07:08,070 --> 00:07:04,639 is from the surface of the sun 186 00:07:11,830 --> 00:07:08,080 all the way 93 millions of miles away 187 00:07:15,110 --> 00:07:11,840 our home planet earth now this picture 188 00:07:16,469 --> 00:07:15,120 was taken by five digital cameras on one 189 00:07:19,830 --> 00:07:16,479 of our missions called 190 00:07:21,909 --> 00:07:19,840 stereo and we are able to see for the 191 00:07:25,029 --> 00:07:21,919 first time the entire picture 192 00:07:27,749 --> 00:07:25,039 of a solar storm 93 million miles 193 00:07:29,350 --> 00:07:27,759 in between what you see are cloud of 194 00:07:32,469 --> 00:07:29,360 plasma there's a billion 195 00:07:34,870 --> 00:07:32,479 tons of material electrons and protons 196 00:07:37,830 --> 00:07:34,880 traveling at tremendous speed 197 00:07:39,270 --> 00:07:37,840 impinging not only on our planet that 198 00:07:41,589 --> 00:07:39,280 really blue dot 199 00:07:44,230 --> 00:07:41,599 but also planet venus and any other 200 00:07:46,550 --> 00:07:44,240 planets in the solar system 201 00:07:48,070 --> 00:07:46,560 in the next movie what we have done is 202 00:07:50,950 --> 00:07:48,080 we have taken those 203 00:07:52,390 --> 00:07:50,960 images kind of distorted them into a 204 00:07:55,350 --> 00:07:52,400 radial coordinate 205 00:07:57,909 --> 00:07:55,360 so we can actually see the track of a 206 00:08:00,469 --> 00:07:57,919 coronal mass ejection or a solar storm 207 00:08:02,950 --> 00:08:00,479 in just one panel so you are seeing 208 00:08:03,589 --> 00:08:02,960 93 million miles captured in that one 209 00:08:06,550 --> 00:08:03,599 frame 210 00:08:08,869 --> 00:08:06,560 and you see that the solar storms are 211 00:08:09,990 --> 00:08:08,879 blowing out from the surface of the sun 212 00:08:11,990 --> 00:08:10,000 from the blue 213 00:08:13,510 --> 00:08:12,000 to the yellowish red and then the 214 00:08:16,710 --> 00:08:13,520 interplanetary medium 215 00:08:17,350 --> 00:08:16,720 this is billion tons of matter plowing 216 00:08:19,270 --> 00:08:17,360 through 217 00:08:20,469 --> 00:08:19,280 interplanetary medium and just look at 218 00:08:23,029 --> 00:08:20,479 the size scale 219 00:08:24,550 --> 00:08:23,039 uh it it's just overwhelming to tiny 220 00:08:27,670 --> 00:08:24,560 planets like ours 221 00:08:30,869 --> 00:08:27,680 mars venus and and so how does 222 00:08:34,230 --> 00:08:30,879 our planet then respond to that 223 00:08:34,870 --> 00:08:34,240 kind of dynamic pressure if you look at 224 00:08:38,149 --> 00:08:34,880 the next 225 00:08:41,750 --> 00:08:38,159 movie that shows that earth 226 00:08:43,990 --> 00:08:41,760 actually has its own magnetosphere we 227 00:08:45,750 --> 00:08:44,000 call it almost like a cocoon 228 00:08:47,430 --> 00:08:45,760 that protects us from this harmful 229 00:08:49,750 --> 00:08:47,440 radiation of the sun 230 00:08:51,430 --> 00:08:49,760 so the solar wind provides the dynamic 231 00:08:53,670 --> 00:08:51,440 pressure and you're seeing that 232 00:08:55,030 --> 00:08:53,680 from the left it impinges on the 233 00:08:57,829 --> 00:08:55,040 magnetosphere 234 00:08:58,790 --> 00:08:57,839 and when the storm is really strong you 235 00:09:00,949 --> 00:08:58,800 can see 236 00:09:03,269 --> 00:09:00,959 that the magnetosphere is not only 237 00:09:05,269 --> 00:09:03,279 shimmering it's get gets squished 238 00:09:07,269 --> 00:09:05,279 distorted all different kinds of 239 00:09:10,949 --> 00:09:07,279 phenomena but this is happening 240 00:09:14,470 --> 00:09:10,959 constantly and inside the magnetosphere 241 00:09:17,509 --> 00:09:14,480 what we have are the radiation belts 242 00:09:21,190 --> 00:09:17,519 and these radiation belts are really 243 00:09:24,310 --> 00:09:21,200 important for us for a couple of reasons 244 00:09:26,790 --> 00:09:24,320 for satellites in that environment 245 00:09:28,710 --> 00:09:26,800 as well as for astronauts astronauts for 246 00:09:30,630 --> 00:09:28,720 them to leave low earth orbit 247 00:09:33,030 --> 00:09:30,640 they have to punch through the radiation 248 00:09:33,750 --> 00:09:33,040 bills and satellites many of our key 249 00:09:35,990 --> 00:09:33,760 satellites 250 00:09:36,949 --> 00:09:36,000 actually go skimming through this uh 251 00:09:38,870 --> 00:09:36,959 environment 252 00:09:40,470 --> 00:09:38,880 and they spent spend their entire 253 00:09:44,070 --> 00:09:40,480 lifetime in this environment 254 00:09:44,550 --> 00:09:44,080 and this is not a pleasant environment 255 00:09:47,829 --> 00:09:44,560 it's a 256 00:09:49,829 --> 00:09:47,839 harmful harsh uh environment 257 00:09:51,829 --> 00:09:49,839 as i mentioned before you know we still 258 00:09:52,550 --> 00:09:51,839 don't understand how the radiation belts 259 00:09:55,430 --> 00:09:52,560 behave 260 00:09:57,269 --> 00:09:55,440 neither can we make uh key predictions 261 00:09:59,509 --> 00:09:57,279 for the radiation bills 262 00:10:01,509 --> 00:09:59,519 what are those key predictions you know 263 00:10:04,069 --> 00:10:01,519 we don't know for example 264 00:10:04,949 --> 00:10:04,079 where highly charged relativistic 265 00:10:07,590 --> 00:10:04,959 electrons 266 00:10:08,710 --> 00:10:07,600 will appear or disappear these are 267 00:10:11,990 --> 00:10:08,720 really lethal 268 00:10:14,150 --> 00:10:12,000 for example to spacecraft charging 269 00:10:16,230 --> 00:10:14,160 we for example don't know how the 270 00:10:18,310 --> 00:10:16,240 radiation belts will respond to any 271 00:10:20,710 --> 00:10:18,320 given coronal mass ejection 272 00:10:21,829 --> 00:10:20,720 will the bells shrink will the belts 273 00:10:24,310 --> 00:10:21,839 expand 274 00:10:26,389 --> 00:10:24,320 will the belts merge i mean you know 275 00:10:28,630 --> 00:10:26,399 these three orthogonal questions 276 00:10:30,630 --> 00:10:28,640 we don't have a good answer for that 277 00:10:31,990 --> 00:10:30,640 today but with the launch of these two 278 00:10:34,230 --> 00:10:32,000 missions we certainly think 279 00:10:36,949 --> 00:10:34,240 that we will have a much better 280 00:10:38,630 --> 00:10:36,959 understanding of what's going on there 281 00:10:40,550 --> 00:10:38,640 now i want to show you the last slide 282 00:10:42,310 --> 00:10:40,560 and in the last slide i want to draw 283 00:10:45,590 --> 00:10:42,320 your attention 284 00:10:46,870 --> 00:10:45,600 to the solar cycle the various phases of 285 00:10:49,670 --> 00:10:46,880 the solar cycle 286 00:10:51,509 --> 00:10:49,680 and how our geospace environment and 287 00:10:52,389 --> 00:10:51,519 radiation builds respond to that 288 00:10:54,550 --> 00:10:52,399 environment 289 00:10:56,310 --> 00:10:54,560 so on the top panel what you're seeing 290 00:10:57,190 --> 00:10:56,320 is the red plot i mean that's your 291 00:11:00,230 --> 00:10:57,200 traditional 292 00:11:03,430 --> 00:11:00,240 solar cycle variability plot sun 293 00:11:05,110 --> 00:11:03,440 varies every 11 years the sunspots go up 294 00:11:06,710 --> 00:11:05,120 and then go down and we are kind of on 295 00:11:09,990 --> 00:11:06,720 the rising phase of that 296 00:11:13,030 --> 00:11:10,000 cycle the blue plot superposed 297 00:11:14,389 --> 00:11:13,040 on that top panel essentially shows the 298 00:11:16,389 --> 00:11:14,399 response of 299 00:11:18,790 --> 00:11:16,399 the geospace environment or in other 300 00:11:21,269 --> 00:11:18,800 words you know how the radiation belts 301 00:11:22,389 --> 00:11:21,279 would uh respond to solar variability 302 00:11:24,630 --> 00:11:22,399 and what you find 303 00:11:27,110 --> 00:11:24,640 there isn't a one-to-one correspondence 304 00:11:29,829 --> 00:11:27,120 they are not following the same pattern 305 00:11:31,750 --> 00:11:29,839 or what goes on the radiation bells and 306 00:11:33,430 --> 00:11:31,760 our geospace environment 307 00:11:35,829 --> 00:11:33,440 not only responds to the solar 308 00:11:36,790 --> 00:11:35,839 variability but it also responds to the 309 00:11:39,509 --> 00:11:36,800 solar wind 310 00:11:41,670 --> 00:11:39,519 that we just showed you in the movie the 311 00:11:44,470 --> 00:11:41,680 high-speed solar wind in blue 312 00:11:45,030 --> 00:11:44,480 in the lower panel the slow speed solar 313 00:11:48,230 --> 00:11:45,040 vein 314 00:11:49,990 --> 00:11:48,240 in green the coronal mass ejections and 315 00:11:52,470 --> 00:11:50,000 other transients in red 316 00:11:54,150 --> 00:11:52,480 in the lower panel they have all 317 00:11:57,110 --> 00:11:54,160 different variability 318 00:11:58,230 --> 00:11:57,120 all of them together along with the 319 00:12:01,269 --> 00:11:58,240 sunspot cycle 320 00:12:01,870 --> 00:12:01,279 really contributes to what the radiation 321 00:12:04,230 --> 00:12:01,880 belt 322 00:12:05,750 --> 00:12:04,240 experiences and this is what we are 323 00:12:07,910 --> 00:12:05,760 trying to understand 324 00:12:09,350 --> 00:12:07,920 and going back to the basic points we 325 00:12:12,790 --> 00:12:09,360 need to understand this 326 00:12:15,750 --> 00:12:12,800 because the weather in these belts 327 00:12:16,550 --> 00:12:15,760 is very important for us much like the 328 00:12:19,110 --> 00:12:16,560 weather 329 00:12:20,150 --> 00:12:19,120 on surface of our planet you know like 330 00:12:22,550 --> 00:12:20,160 the tornadoes 331 00:12:24,470 --> 00:12:22,560 the hurricanes and we want to understand 332 00:12:27,430 --> 00:12:24,480 the weather in the radiation bills 333 00:12:29,509 --> 00:12:27,440 and its variation with solar cycle so 334 00:12:33,030 --> 00:12:29,519 that we can be better prepared for 335 00:12:35,430 --> 00:12:33,040 making better satellite designs for our 336 00:12:38,629 --> 00:12:35,440 astronauts for communications 337 00:12:40,230 --> 00:12:38,639 all of those and with that i'm going to 338 00:12:42,389 --> 00:12:40,240 pass it on to mona who will give you 339 00:12:43,670 --> 00:12:42,399 some history and more signs on the 340 00:12:45,670 --> 00:12:43,680 radiation belts 341 00:12:47,190 --> 00:12:45,680 okay thank you lika for setting the 342 00:12:49,910 --> 00:12:47,200 stage that 343 00:12:50,629 --> 00:12:49,920 really puts this into perspective i want 344 00:12:52,310 --> 00:12:50,639 to start 345 00:12:53,990 --> 00:12:52,320 by answering a couple of simple 346 00:12:56,230 --> 00:12:54,000 questions starting with 347 00:12:57,590 --> 00:12:56,240 what are the radiation belts and then 348 00:12:59,750 --> 00:12:57,600 where are they 349 00:13:00,629 --> 00:12:59,760 so if we can look at the first slide 350 00:13:03,430 --> 00:13:00,639 that i have 351 00:13:05,750 --> 00:13:03,440 you can see a cutaway model of the 352 00:13:07,509 --> 00:13:05,760 earth's radiation belt you see the earth 353 00:13:10,230 --> 00:13:07,519 and you see there's an inner belt 354 00:13:13,350 --> 00:13:10,240 and then outer belt and within these 355 00:13:15,750 --> 00:13:13,360 belts are captured or trapped actually 356 00:13:17,430 --> 00:13:15,760 high energy particles primarily 357 00:13:19,190 --> 00:13:17,440 electrons and ions 358 00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:19,200 they're trapped by earth's magnetic 359 00:13:24,150 --> 00:13:21,120 field you can also see the 360 00:13:25,750 --> 00:13:24,160 two satellites from rbsp that are 361 00:13:28,389 --> 00:13:25,760 pictured there as well 362 00:13:29,110 --> 00:13:28,399 so the inner belt really begins about a 363 00:13:31,030 --> 00:13:29,120 thousand 364 00:13:33,430 --> 00:13:31,040 miles up from earth's surface and 365 00:13:35,670 --> 00:13:33,440 extends to about 8 000 miles 366 00:13:37,030 --> 00:13:35,680 then there's a gap and the outer belt 367 00:13:40,470 --> 00:13:37,040 begins and that's about 368 00:13:43,670 --> 00:13:40,480 12 000 to about 25 000 miles 369 00:13:45,670 --> 00:13:43,680 so those belts that's kind of a 370 00:13:48,150 --> 00:13:45,680 picture that you see when they're 371 00:13:50,230 --> 00:13:48,160 nominal when there's not a lot going on 372 00:13:51,750 --> 00:13:50,240 but during solar storms which we could 373 00:13:54,949 --> 00:13:51,760 just discussed 374 00:13:57,990 --> 00:13:54,959 lots of things happen the belts can 375 00:13:58,870 --> 00:13:58,000 expand greatly so they fill in much 376 00:14:00,790 --> 00:13:58,880 closer to earth 377 00:14:02,310 --> 00:14:00,800 they can even fill in the region between 378 00:14:05,590 --> 00:14:02,320 the belts and expand 379 00:14:08,629 --> 00:14:05,600 out so when they expand in they get to 380 00:14:09,269 --> 00:14:08,639 about 125 miles above the surface of the 381 00:14:11,430 --> 00:14:09,279 earth 382 00:14:14,150 --> 00:14:11,440 that means that the international space 383 00:14:15,990 --> 00:14:14,160 station and low orbiting satellites 384 00:14:18,150 --> 00:14:16,000 pass through that region so they're 385 00:14:19,430 --> 00:14:18,160 susceptible to the energetic particles 386 00:14:21,590 --> 00:14:19,440 that are trapped there 387 00:14:23,110 --> 00:14:21,600 the same thing happens on the outside 388 00:14:24,389 --> 00:14:23,120 that's where our geosynchronous 389 00:14:27,509 --> 00:14:24,399 satellites are 390 00:14:28,629 --> 00:14:27,519 and as the belts expand those satellites 391 00:14:30,870 --> 00:14:28,639 come within 392 00:14:32,150 --> 00:14:30,880 that region and they're also then 393 00:14:35,829 --> 00:14:32,160 susceptible to 394 00:14:38,790 --> 00:14:35,839 the possible damage from the particles 395 00:14:40,069 --> 00:14:38,800 so let's stop about solar storms for a 396 00:14:40,949 --> 00:14:40,079 little bit because i want to step back 397 00:14:43,590 --> 00:14:40,959 in time 398 00:14:45,430 --> 00:14:43,600 for a little bit back to the 1950s when 399 00:14:47,990 --> 00:14:45,440 the space age began 400 00:14:49,670 --> 00:14:48,000 as like has already mentioned one of the 401 00:14:51,990 --> 00:14:49,680 first discoveries 402 00:14:52,710 --> 00:14:52,000 the first satellite that went into space 403 00:14:55,670 --> 00:14:52,720 discovered 404 00:14:57,030 --> 00:14:55,680 the inner belt of what we now know as 405 00:14:59,189 --> 00:14:57,040 the radiation belts 406 00:15:00,150 --> 00:14:59,199 so if we can look at the next slide that 407 00:15:03,110 --> 00:15:00,160 i have 408 00:15:05,750 --> 00:15:03,120 what i show here is a picture of four of 409 00:15:08,710 --> 00:15:05,760 the early pioneering scientists 410 00:15:10,230 --> 00:15:08,720 from left to right they're carl mcelwain 411 00:15:13,750 --> 00:15:10,240 james van allen 412 00:15:14,470 --> 00:15:13,760 george ludwig and ernie ray all four of 413 00:15:16,629 --> 00:15:14,480 these men 414 00:15:17,910 --> 00:15:16,639 were very important to these early 415 00:15:21,110 --> 00:15:17,920 discoveries 416 00:15:22,470 --> 00:15:21,120 van allen particularly was lecturing all 417 00:15:24,230 --> 00:15:22,480 around the country 418 00:15:26,710 --> 00:15:24,240 he was trying to get people interested 419 00:15:28,949 --> 00:15:26,720 in doing science in space 420 00:15:30,310 --> 00:15:28,959 so what he really wanted to study was 421 00:15:32,870 --> 00:15:30,320 cosmic rays 422 00:15:34,790 --> 00:15:32,880 and you need to go above the atmosphere 423 00:15:36,069 --> 00:15:34,800 to study cosmic rays 424 00:15:37,910 --> 00:15:36,079 because that's where you're going to get 425 00:15:40,069 --> 00:15:37,920 the best view and 426 00:15:42,310 --> 00:15:40,079 the the rockets the suborbital rockets 427 00:15:44,310 --> 00:15:42,320 that he'd been sending up for some years 428 00:15:45,990 --> 00:15:44,320 those are only up for a few minutes and 429 00:15:48,389 --> 00:15:46,000 then come right back down so he was very 430 00:15:51,749 --> 00:15:48,399 anxious to get a satellite in space 431 00:15:53,749 --> 00:15:51,759 so in addition to to uh 432 00:15:55,269 --> 00:15:53,759 pushing this idea of doing cosmic rays 433 00:15:57,829 --> 00:15:55,279 in space he was 434 00:15:59,350 --> 00:15:57,839 conversing with verna werner von braun 435 00:16:01,350 --> 00:15:59,360 and william pickering 436 00:16:03,030 --> 00:16:01,360 both of whom were very important in 437 00:16:05,749 --> 00:16:03,040 getting that first rocket 438 00:16:06,550 --> 00:16:05,759 to go up into space the first u.s rocket 439 00:16:09,670 --> 00:16:06,560 in space 440 00:16:12,389 --> 00:16:09,680 so he together with george ludwig 441 00:16:14,069 --> 00:16:12,399 designed the first instrument and that 442 00:16:14,949 --> 00:16:14,079 instrument was just a simple geiger 443 00:16:17,749 --> 00:16:14,959 counter 444 00:16:19,350 --> 00:16:17,759 and that was to go up on explorer one so 445 00:16:21,910 --> 00:16:19,360 if we can show the next 446 00:16:24,069 --> 00:16:21,920 slide that i have this is a very famous 447 00:16:26,550 --> 00:16:24,079 picture showing pickering 448 00:16:28,710 --> 00:16:26,560 van allen and von braun holding up a 449 00:16:30,870 --> 00:16:28,720 model of explorer one 450 00:16:31,829 --> 00:16:30,880 this is this was a press conference that 451 00:16:35,350 --> 00:16:31,839 was held 452 00:16:37,990 --> 00:16:35,360 soon after um the launch of the rocket 453 00:16:39,829 --> 00:16:38,000 and it was really important because it 454 00:16:42,069 --> 00:16:39,839 had not only national but also 455 00:16:44,550 --> 00:16:42,079 international significance 456 00:16:47,509 --> 00:16:44,560 so soon after that ben allen and his 457 00:16:49,430 --> 00:16:47,519 team got very busy analyzing the data 458 00:16:51,030 --> 00:16:49,440 and simultaneously getting ready for 459 00:16:52,870 --> 00:16:51,040 explore two and three which we're going 460 00:16:55,189 --> 00:16:52,880 to launch in the next few months 461 00:16:57,110 --> 00:16:55,199 but the data was perplexing because 462 00:17:00,470 --> 00:16:57,120 there were times when the count rates 463 00:17:02,470 --> 00:17:00,480 went very very low and it didn't make 464 00:17:03,670 --> 00:17:02,480 any sense that the cosmic rays in space 465 00:17:07,110 --> 00:17:03,680 would be zero 466 00:17:10,150 --> 00:17:07,120 so then explorer three confirmed that 467 00:17:12,470 --> 00:17:10,160 so now mcelwain he went into the lab he 468 00:17:14,870 --> 00:17:12,480 took their prototype geiger counter 469 00:17:16,789 --> 00:17:14,880 did a series of tests and he was able to 470 00:17:18,230 --> 00:17:16,799 demonstrate that when the count rates 471 00:17:21,270 --> 00:17:18,240 got really high 472 00:17:21,909 --> 00:17:21,280 like 25 000 counts per second then the 473 00:17:25,029 --> 00:17:21,919 geiger 474 00:17:28,470 --> 00:17:25,039 counter would actually respond with zero 475 00:17:30,870 --> 00:17:28,480 so what they've got now is count rates 476 00:17:31,669 --> 00:17:30,880 that are a thousand times the cosmic 477 00:17:34,710 --> 00:17:31,679 rays 478 00:17:36,950 --> 00:17:34,720 so that was that was really interesting 479 00:17:39,029 --> 00:17:36,960 they got very very busy then trying to 480 00:17:40,789 --> 00:17:39,039 piece that together and say okay what 481 00:17:43,510 --> 00:17:40,799 are we really looking at here 482 00:17:45,430 --> 00:17:43,520 so they put together a map and if we can 483 00:17:47,830 --> 00:17:45,440 look at the next slide 484 00:17:48,630 --> 00:17:47,840 they they did an analysis by latitude 485 00:17:51,750 --> 00:17:48,640 and longitude 486 00:17:53,990 --> 00:17:51,760 and altitude and then they hand drew 487 00:17:55,430 --> 00:17:54,000 and in fact all of this was done without 488 00:17:57,990 --> 00:17:55,440 computers so it was really 489 00:17:58,870 --> 00:17:58,000 quite an effort back at that time they 490 00:18:01,029 --> 00:17:58,880 drew 491 00:18:03,029 --> 00:18:01,039 a version of the radiation belt because 492 00:18:05,909 --> 00:18:03,039 van allen deduced 493 00:18:07,669 --> 00:18:05,919 that there must be trapped radiation and 494 00:18:08,390 --> 00:18:07,679 this was the picture that he came up 495 00:18:10,150 --> 00:18:08,400 with 496 00:18:11,669 --> 00:18:10,160 then later he was giving a press 497 00:18:15,110 --> 00:18:11,679 conference on this 498 00:18:17,590 --> 00:18:15,120 and he was describing these belts as 499 00:18:19,350 --> 00:18:17,600 encircling the earth and so there was a 500 00:18:21,350 --> 00:18:19,360 reporter in the audience who asked him a 501 00:18:24,230 --> 00:18:21,360 question he said do you mean like a belt 502 00:18:26,630 --> 00:18:24,240 he said yeah like a belt so that's where 503 00:18:27,990 --> 00:18:26,640 the term radiation belts came from was a 504 00:18:30,230 --> 00:18:28,000 reporter asking a question 505 00:18:32,470 --> 00:18:30,240 at a press conference and and this 506 00:18:34,070 --> 00:18:32,480 discovery this discovery of these 507 00:18:36,390 --> 00:18:34,080 radiation belts with the trapped 508 00:18:38,390 --> 00:18:36,400 radiation landed van allen on the cover 509 00:18:40,310 --> 00:18:38,400 at time magazine if we go to the next 510 00:18:41,990 --> 00:18:40,320 picture which again shows the map but 511 00:18:46,470 --> 00:18:42,000 now it shows van allen on the cover 512 00:18:48,549 --> 00:18:46,480 of time magazine this was in may 1959 513 00:18:50,470 --> 00:18:48,559 but at that time we thought that they 514 00:18:51,750 --> 00:18:50,480 were static belts that they were fixed 515 00:18:54,789 --> 00:18:51,760 in location 516 00:18:57,350 --> 00:18:54,799 later satellites cress and sampecs 517 00:18:59,190 --> 00:18:57,360 painted an entirely different picture so 518 00:19:01,590 --> 00:18:59,200 if we can go to the movie now 519 00:19:04,150 --> 00:19:01,600 i want to show you with sampek's data 520 00:19:06,470 --> 00:19:04,160 starting in about 1998 521 00:19:07,750 --> 00:19:06,480 pictures of the dynamic nature of the 522 00:19:10,230 --> 00:19:07,760 belts you can see 523 00:19:11,430 --> 00:19:10,240 red areas those correspond to the belts 524 00:19:14,470 --> 00:19:11,440 getting really pumped up 525 00:19:17,190 --> 00:19:14,480 lots of charged particles sometimes 526 00:19:18,710 --> 00:19:17,200 the belts the red areas extend all the 527 00:19:20,710 --> 00:19:18,720 way through the region sometimes the 528 00:19:22,789 --> 00:19:20,720 outer one almost disappears 529 00:19:24,470 --> 00:19:22,799 and then other times you can see them as 530 00:19:26,710 --> 00:19:24,480 two distinct belts 531 00:19:28,070 --> 00:19:26,720 but one thing you definitely can see is 532 00:19:31,909 --> 00:19:28,080 that it's a highly 533 00:19:33,830 --> 00:19:31,919 dynamic region so one satellite 534 00:19:35,270 --> 00:19:33,840 unfortunately could not unravel this 535 00:19:38,470 --> 00:19:35,280 complicated nature 536 00:19:40,870 --> 00:19:38,480 this is a job for rbsp but it also 537 00:19:43,110 --> 00:19:40,880 demonstrates a kind of weather in space 538 00:19:45,669 --> 00:19:43,120 that lika has already mentioned 539 00:19:48,390 --> 00:19:45,679 this is all driven by the sun by the 540 00:19:51,669 --> 00:19:48,400 changing energy coming from the sun 541 00:19:52,310 --> 00:19:51,679 and it actually affects the performance 542 00:19:54,630 --> 00:19:52,320 and the 543 00:19:56,549 --> 00:19:54,640 reliability of technologies that we have 544 00:19:59,190 --> 00:19:56,559 here both in space and 545 00:20:00,549 --> 00:19:59,200 on the ground now in particular if you 546 00:20:03,590 --> 00:20:00,559 look at the next slide 547 00:20:06,710 --> 00:20:03,600 what rbsp will be able to do is 548 00:20:07,669 --> 00:20:06,720 give us information about spacecraft 549 00:20:11,110 --> 00:20:07,679 charging 550 00:20:13,909 --> 00:20:11,120 upsets 551 00:20:15,510 --> 00:20:13,919 sometimes the solar panels will degrade 552 00:20:17,350 --> 00:20:15,520 because of the charges that are 553 00:20:18,630 --> 00:20:17,360 that are that that come and they hit the 554 00:20:20,070 --> 00:20:18,640 panels so 555 00:20:21,909 --> 00:20:20,080 this is something that rick is going to 556 00:20:24,950 --> 00:20:21,919 talk about a little bit more later 557 00:20:26,710 --> 00:20:24,960 but this aspect this solar 558 00:20:28,070 --> 00:20:26,720 the space weather is what we're 559 00:20:30,470 --> 00:20:28,080 concerned about and 560 00:20:32,070 --> 00:20:30,480 in particular when we have astronauts 561 00:20:33,510 --> 00:20:32,080 that fly through the area they can get a 562 00:20:36,470 --> 00:20:33,520 dose of radiation 563 00:20:37,270 --> 00:20:36,480 we know that prolonged exposure to 564 00:20:40,470 --> 00:20:37,280 radiation 565 00:20:42,950 --> 00:20:40,480 can cause cancer so rbsp 566 00:20:44,070 --> 00:20:42,960 is what it will do for us is en enable 567 00:20:46,950 --> 00:20:44,080 the prediction 568 00:20:48,310 --> 00:20:46,960 of extreme and dynamic space weather 569 00:20:51,430 --> 00:20:48,320 conditions 570 00:20:54,630 --> 00:20:51,440 we have broadcasting both satellites 571 00:20:55,830 --> 00:20:54,640 24 7 space weather this is going to get 572 00:20:58,070 --> 00:20:55,840 picked up by 573 00:21:00,149 --> 00:20:58,080 ground stations around the world if we 574 00:21:01,029 --> 00:21:00,159 go to my final slide we can see a 575 00:21:03,590 --> 00:21:01,039 picture 576 00:21:06,310 --> 00:21:03,600 of a ground station this is the korea 577 00:21:09,430 --> 00:21:06,320 astronomy and space science institute 578 00:21:12,549 --> 00:21:09,440 they built a special dish just to to 579 00:21:14,070 --> 00:21:12,559 capture the rbsp space weather data 580 00:21:15,909 --> 00:21:14,080 we're also working with the czech 581 00:21:18,950 --> 00:21:15,919 republic they have a ground 582 00:21:20,870 --> 00:21:18,960 station and other sites around the world 583 00:21:22,470 --> 00:21:20,880 so as soon as that data becomes 584 00:21:24,710 --> 00:21:22,480 available it will be 585 00:21:26,310 --> 00:21:24,720 broadcast out to the public and this 586 00:21:29,430 --> 00:21:26,320 will support our efforts 587 00:21:30,470 --> 00:21:29,440 of analyzing space weather data around 588 00:21:32,870 --> 00:21:30,480 the world 589 00:21:34,470 --> 00:21:32,880 so now i want to turn it over to barry 590 00:21:35,190 --> 00:21:34,480 who's going to talk about the mission in 591 00:21:36,950 --> 00:21:35,200 more detail 592 00:21:38,470 --> 00:21:36,960 thank you very much mona i want to 593 00:21:40,549 --> 00:21:38,480 answer the most important question 594 00:21:42,789 --> 00:21:40,559 as cool as mars is it does not have a 595 00:21:44,630 --> 00:21:42,799 radiation belt so i won't be 596 00:21:47,110 --> 00:21:44,640 i won't be talking about mars here i 597 00:21:49,029 --> 00:21:47,120 wanted to start by showing a movie 598 00:21:51,350 --> 00:21:49,039 that illustrates the point that mona was 599 00:21:53,029 --> 00:21:51,360 making in lika that the um 600 00:21:55,029 --> 00:21:53,039 uh the radiation belts are highly 601 00:21:57,510 --> 00:21:55,039 dynamic but what this movie also 602 00:21:59,350 --> 00:21:57,520 shows is that that dynamics is highly 603 00:22:01,510 --> 00:21:59,360 unpredictable based on what we know 604 00:22:03,750 --> 00:22:01,520 about the radiation belts right now 605 00:22:05,990 --> 00:22:03,760 we know that variations in the sun cause 606 00:22:07,830 --> 00:22:06,000 what are called geomagnetic storms 607 00:22:09,190 --> 00:22:07,840 those storms are actually observable on 608 00:22:11,270 --> 00:22:09,200 the ground by mag 609 00:22:12,470 --> 00:22:11,280 by magnetometer measurements and they 610 00:22:14,470 --> 00:22:12,480 show up as these strong 611 00:22:16,630 --> 00:22:14,480 dips that you see in the green curve in 612 00:22:18,870 --> 00:22:16,640 the upper right of this uh 613 00:22:19,909 --> 00:22:18,880 of this movie what we've learned is the 614 00:22:22,149 --> 00:22:19,919 response 615 00:22:23,510 --> 00:22:22,159 of the radiation bells to those storms 616 00:22:25,830 --> 00:22:23,520 to those green dips 617 00:22:27,750 --> 00:22:25,840 is highly variable sometimes it's big 618 00:22:29,830 --> 00:22:27,760 sometimes it's small and we just do not 619 00:22:32,230 --> 00:22:29,840 understand why that uh 620 00:22:33,590 --> 00:22:32,240 why that occurs this movie by the way 621 00:22:35,430 --> 00:22:33,600 will be on the rbsb 622 00:22:36,789 --> 00:22:35,440 and nasa website and you can study it 623 00:22:38,549 --> 00:22:36,799 yourself and you can look at the 624 00:22:40,549 --> 00:22:38,559 response to those two different storms 625 00:22:42,549 --> 00:22:40,559 and you'll see that it is very different 626 00:22:43,750 --> 00:22:42,559 and it is just a mystery as to why that 627 00:22:47,029 --> 00:22:43,760 happens 628 00:22:49,110 --> 00:22:47,039 on the next slide i wanted to talk about 629 00:22:50,789 --> 00:22:49,120 the fact that since 1958 when the 630 00:22:52,149 --> 00:22:50,799 radiation belts were discovered 631 00:22:54,230 --> 00:22:52,159 we've learned that when it comes to 632 00:22:55,270 --> 00:22:54,240 radiation regions in space we are not 633 00:22:58,390 --> 00:22:55,280 alone 634 00:23:00,549 --> 00:22:58,400 at all radiation is created near the sun 635 00:23:02,310 --> 00:23:00,559 radiation is uh created between the 636 00:23:04,149 --> 00:23:02,320 planets it's strongly 637 00:23:06,470 --> 00:23:04,159 uh created at all of the strongly 638 00:23:09,029 --> 00:23:06,480 magnetized planets here we show earth 639 00:23:11,029 --> 00:23:09,039 and jupiter radio image of jupiter but 640 00:23:11,909 --> 00:23:11,039 it also occurs at saturn uranus and 641 00:23:14,870 --> 00:23:11,919 neptune so 642 00:23:15,430 --> 00:23:14,880 radiation belts are are common they also 643 00:23:17,590 --> 00:23:15,440 occur in 644 00:23:18,870 --> 00:23:17,600 distant regions of the of the universe 645 00:23:21,750 --> 00:23:18,880 here is an image of 646 00:23:23,750 --> 00:23:21,760 of x-ray image of the crab nebula which 647 00:23:24,310 --> 00:23:23,760 is an image of the radiation belts of 648 00:23:29,029 --> 00:23:24,320 that 649 00:23:31,590 --> 00:23:29,039 important parts of the radiation 650 00:23:33,110 --> 00:23:31,600 about storm pro's mission is to use 651 00:23:35,669 --> 00:23:33,120 earth's radiation belt 652 00:23:36,950 --> 00:23:35,679 as a natural laboratory for studying how 653 00:23:39,110 --> 00:23:36,960 radiation 654 00:23:40,549 --> 00:23:39,120 is created in space how it varies in 655 00:23:42,870 --> 00:23:40,559 space 656 00:23:45,669 --> 00:23:42,880 and why the creation of radiation in 657 00:23:47,830 --> 00:23:45,679 space is so common 658 00:23:49,350 --> 00:23:47,840 i'd like to go back to the my first 659 00:23:51,830 --> 00:23:49,360 movie if i may 660 00:23:52,630 --> 00:23:51,840 i'd like to talk about another aspect of 661 00:23:58,390 --> 00:23:52,640 uh 662 00:24:00,149 --> 00:23:58,400 wanted to describe why it is so unique 663 00:24:02,549 --> 00:24:00,159 in terms of its ability 664 00:24:04,789 --> 00:24:02,559 to resolve the mysteries of the van 665 00:24:05,750 --> 00:24:04,799 allen radiation belts the first and most 666 00:24:07,110 --> 00:24:05,760 obvious point 667 00:24:10,070 --> 00:24:07,120 is the fact that there are two 668 00:24:13,350 --> 00:24:10,080 spacecraft closely coordinated with 669 00:24:15,269 --> 00:24:13,360 with each other two spacecraft allow 670 00:24:17,350 --> 00:24:15,279 you to determine the difference between 671 00:24:18,950 --> 00:24:17,360 a spacecraft variations that occur 672 00:24:20,710 --> 00:24:18,960 because the spacecraft moves from one 673 00:24:22,950 --> 00:24:20,720 region to another region 674 00:24:24,710 --> 00:24:22,960 and variations that occur because of 675 00:24:25,750 --> 00:24:24,720 explicit time variations in the 676 00:24:28,070 --> 00:24:25,760 radiation belts 677 00:24:29,909 --> 00:24:28,080 and as simple as that seems that has 678 00:24:32,390 --> 00:24:29,919 been a fundamental impediment in our 679 00:24:35,110 --> 00:24:32,400 ability to understand the physics of 680 00:24:36,789 --> 00:24:35,120 space environment things like the 681 00:24:40,950 --> 00:24:36,799 radiation belts 682 00:24:42,789 --> 00:24:40,960 this movie shows the rbsp spacecraft 683 00:24:44,710 --> 00:24:42,799 with these red and green balls 684 00:24:46,789 --> 00:24:44,720 and if you study it carefully you'll see 685 00:24:49,510 --> 00:24:46,799 how the two spacecraft 686 00:24:50,470 --> 00:24:49,520 look at any one structure twice and that 687 00:24:53,430 --> 00:24:50,480 looking at 688 00:24:54,630 --> 00:24:53,440 at structures twice for any for any 689 00:24:56,630 --> 00:24:54,640 feature that you see 690 00:24:58,789 --> 00:24:56,640 allows us to make that separation 691 00:25:00,549 --> 00:24:58,799 between space and time 692 00:25:01,830 --> 00:25:00,559 on my next slide i show a little bit 693 00:25:04,310 --> 00:25:01,840 more about 694 00:25:05,590 --> 00:25:04,320 uh the orbit the orbits are highly 695 00:25:08,230 --> 00:25:05,600 elliptical they cut 696 00:25:09,590 --> 00:25:08,240 and they are that way be because they're 697 00:25:11,269 --> 00:25:09,600 designed to cut through all of the 698 00:25:12,390 --> 00:25:11,279 different radiation structures of the 699 00:25:14,630 --> 00:25:12,400 radiation belt 700 00:25:16,950 --> 00:25:14,640 the two spacecraft follow almost 701 00:25:17,510 --> 00:25:16,960 identical orbits but not quite in fact 702 00:25:19,909 --> 00:25:17,520 one 703 00:25:21,669 --> 00:25:19,919 is a little faster than the other and so 704 00:25:22,789 --> 00:25:21,679 sometimes these spacecraft are very 705 00:25:25,430 --> 00:25:22,799 close together 706 00:25:27,430 --> 00:25:25,440 sometimes they're very very far apart as 707 00:25:29,669 --> 00:25:27,440 as far as the entire orbit 708 00:25:30,470 --> 00:25:29,679 and that allows us to study small scale 709 00:25:35,990 --> 00:25:30,480 structures 710 00:25:39,269 --> 00:25:36,000 do all that we can to understand the 711 00:25:41,830 --> 00:25:39,279 various parts of how this radiation belt 712 00:25:42,549 --> 00:25:41,840 responds there is another aspect of the 713 00:25:44,390 --> 00:25:42,559 rbsb 714 00:25:46,310 --> 00:25:44,400 mission that also makes it uniquely 715 00:25:46,789 --> 00:25:46,320 capable of resolving the mysteries of 716 00:25:53,190 --> 00:25:46,799 the 717 00:25:54,310 --> 00:25:53,200 highest quality instruments that have 718 00:25:57,510 --> 00:25:54,320 ever been used 719 00:26:00,549 --> 00:25:57,520 to study radiation regions in space 720 00:26:01,909 --> 00:26:00,559 it is exceedingly difficult to make 721 00:26:03,750 --> 00:26:01,919 measurements in the heart of the 722 00:26:05,110 --> 00:26:03,760 radiation belt because the particles 723 00:26:06,870 --> 00:26:05,120 penetrate your instruments and 724 00:26:09,669 --> 00:26:06,880 contaminate the measurements 725 00:26:11,029 --> 00:26:09,679 and rbsp has technologies that allow it 726 00:26:13,110 --> 00:26:11,039 to make the cleanest 727 00:26:16,230 --> 00:26:13,120 measurements that have ever been done in 728 00:26:19,350 --> 00:26:16,240 this the heart of the radiation 729 00:26:20,549 --> 00:26:19,360 belt i'd like to talk now with my next 730 00:26:22,230 --> 00:26:20,559 slide 731 00:26:24,470 --> 00:26:22,240 the different classes of instruments 732 00:26:27,590 --> 00:26:24,480 that are on rbsb and there are two 733 00:26:28,789 --> 00:26:27,600 classes one class measures the particles 734 00:26:32,070 --> 00:26:28,799 themselves 735 00:26:34,070 --> 00:26:32,080 and on the next slide if i can have that 736 00:26:35,590 --> 00:26:34,080 this highlights the various components 737 00:26:38,630 --> 00:26:35,600 that are actually measuring 738 00:26:40,310 --> 00:26:38,640 the particles these these instruments 739 00:26:42,549 --> 00:26:40,320 measure particles from the lowest 740 00:26:44,549 --> 00:26:42,559 energies about one electron volt 741 00:26:46,310 --> 00:26:44,559 all the way to the highest energies that 742 00:26:49,430 --> 00:26:46,320 we need about two billion 743 00:26:50,870 --> 00:26:49,440 electron volts these these measurements 744 00:26:53,430 --> 00:26:50,880 are made by six different 745 00:26:55,830 --> 00:26:53,440 instruments that are delivered by three 746 00:26:58,310 --> 00:26:55,840 different investigations it's the ect 747 00:26:59,510 --> 00:26:58,320 investigation the rb spice investigation 748 00:27:01,909 --> 00:26:59,520 and the rps 749 00:27:03,909 --> 00:27:01,919 investigation these instruments measure 750 00:27:05,350 --> 00:27:03,919 not only the radiation particles that 751 00:27:09,029 --> 00:27:05,360 we're very interested in 752 00:27:10,870 --> 00:27:09,039 but it also measures the ionized gases 753 00:27:12,950 --> 00:27:10,880 or plasmas that constitute the 754 00:27:13,990 --> 00:27:12,960 environment within which the radiation 755 00:27:16,630 --> 00:27:14,000 belts 756 00:27:17,909 --> 00:27:16,640 reside the other class of instruments 757 00:27:21,590 --> 00:27:17,919 that we have 758 00:27:26,149 --> 00:27:21,600 shown on the next slide are the 759 00:27:28,070 --> 00:27:26,159 magnetic and electric fields experiments 760 00:27:30,230 --> 00:27:28,080 the magnetic and electric fields in the 761 00:27:32,230 --> 00:27:30,240 radiation belts control the behaviors of 762 00:27:35,990 --> 00:27:32,240 the particles it causes the particles to 763 00:27:39,269 --> 00:27:36,000 be energized and to be lost 764 00:27:40,710 --> 00:27:39,279 rbsp instruments measure electric and 765 00:27:43,430 --> 00:27:40,720 magnetic fields that are 766 00:27:45,350 --> 00:27:43,440 changing very slowly over many hours and 767 00:27:47,190 --> 00:27:45,360 those that are changing very rapidly in 768 00:27:48,070 --> 00:27:47,200 the form of waves that propagate with 769 00:27:51,750 --> 00:27:48,080 frequencies 770 00:27:54,149 --> 00:27:51,760 as high as 400 000 cycles 771 00:27:55,110 --> 00:27:54,159 per second and again these electric and 772 00:27:57,430 --> 00:27:55,120 magnetic fields 773 00:27:59,029 --> 00:27:57,440 essentially control the behavior of the 774 00:28:02,230 --> 00:27:59,039 of the particle instrument 775 00:28:04,950 --> 00:28:02,240 and these measurements are made by 776 00:28:06,230 --> 00:28:04,960 four different sensor types that are 777 00:28:08,230 --> 00:28:06,240 delivered by two different 778 00:28:10,310 --> 00:28:08,240 investigations and that is the emphasis 779 00:28:13,510 --> 00:28:10,320 investigation and the efw 780 00:28:15,190 --> 00:28:13,520 investigation all of these instruments 781 00:28:17,190 --> 00:28:15,200 can only make their measurements by 782 00:28:18,149 --> 00:28:17,200 being integrated on a very capable 783 00:28:22,950 --> 00:28:18,159 spacecraft 784 00:28:23,990 --> 00:28:22,960 harsh environments they have to be very 785 00:28:30,549 --> 00:28:24,000 quiet 786 00:28:31,269 --> 00:28:30,559 so that the fields and particles uh the 787 00:28:33,350 --> 00:28:31,279 fields 788 00:28:35,110 --> 00:28:33,360 measurements can be made and i forgot to 789 00:28:35,990 --> 00:28:35,120 show my last movie which i'd like to 790 00:28:38,070 --> 00:28:36,000 show now 791 00:28:41,750 --> 00:28:38,080 which shows one of the ways that we keep 792 00:28:43,750 --> 00:28:41,760 these uh electric and magnetic field uh 793 00:28:45,350 --> 00:28:43,760 measurements very quiet by putting them 794 00:28:47,110 --> 00:28:45,360 out on boom 795 00:28:49,110 --> 00:28:47,120 like structures and this movie for 796 00:28:51,430 --> 00:28:49,120 example shows the deployment 797 00:28:53,510 --> 00:28:51,440 of the magnetometer booms that are 798 00:28:56,149 --> 00:28:53,520 mounted on the end of the 799 00:28:58,070 --> 00:28:56,159 of the solar solar panels and we do that 800 00:28:59,909 --> 00:28:58,080 to keep these sensors far away from the 801 00:29:00,710 --> 00:28:59,919 spacecraft which can contaminate the 802 00:29:02,710 --> 00:29:00,720 measurements 803 00:29:04,710 --> 00:29:02,720 the electric field instruments are even 804 00:29:05,750 --> 00:29:04,720 more sensitive and they are put on wire 805 00:29:09,350 --> 00:29:05,760 booms that extend 806 00:29:11,029 --> 00:29:09,360 50 meters um away from the spacecraft so 807 00:29:12,149 --> 00:29:11,039 that from tip to tip you're measuring 808 00:29:14,630 --> 00:29:12,159 the size of a 809 00:29:16,549 --> 00:29:14,640 of a football field so again as i was 810 00:29:18,310 --> 00:29:16,559 saying before uh these instruments have 811 00:29:20,389 --> 00:29:18,320 to be put on a very 812 00:29:22,470 --> 00:29:20,399 uh robust spacecraft they have to be 813 00:29:24,870 --> 00:29:22,480 very quiet and they have to be capable 814 00:29:25,830 --> 00:29:24,880 to keep themselves oriented with respect 815 00:29:27,430 --> 00:29:25,840 to this 816 00:29:29,269 --> 00:29:27,440 to the space that they're supposed to be 817 00:29:32,470 --> 00:29:29,279 oriented and this task fell 818 00:29:35,190 --> 00:29:32,480 to rick fitzgerald to my left who is the 819 00:29:37,750 --> 00:29:35,200 program manager and his engineering team 820 00:29:39,669 --> 00:29:37,760 and i'll let you take it from there okay 821 00:29:41,510 --> 00:29:39,679 thank you barry 822 00:29:43,510 --> 00:29:41,520 i'm very pleased and happy and proud to 823 00:29:47,110 --> 00:29:43,520 be here today representing the entire 824 00:29:50,070 --> 00:29:47,120 rbsp team which includes apl 825 00:29:50,710 --> 00:29:50,080 and all of our instrument teams that 826 00:29:53,029 --> 00:29:50,720 design 827 00:29:54,070 --> 00:29:53,039 built tested about to launch and will 828 00:29:56,230 --> 00:29:54,080 operate 829 00:29:57,590 --> 00:29:56,240 these two satellites for the next two 830 00:29:59,510 --> 00:29:57,600 years 831 00:30:01,430 --> 00:29:59,520 so you've you've heard in great detail 832 00:30:02,149 --> 00:30:01,440 about the difficult environment that 833 00:30:05,269 --> 00:30:02,159 we're going to 834 00:30:07,110 --> 00:30:05,279 into and so 835 00:30:08,389 --> 00:30:07,120 i'm going to talk a little bit about the 836 00:30:10,630 --> 00:30:08,399 design aspects 837 00:30:12,389 --> 00:30:10,640 of how do we how do we possibly live in 838 00:30:14,950 --> 00:30:12,399 that environment so 839 00:30:15,830 --> 00:30:14,960 the first slide that i have here uh 840 00:30:19,110 --> 00:30:15,840 shows our 841 00:30:19,909 --> 00:30:19,120 electronics that um really we we did two 842 00:30:21,590 --> 00:30:19,919 things 843 00:30:23,590 --> 00:30:21,600 to be able to live in this radiation 844 00:30:27,430 --> 00:30:23,600 environment the first is we picked 845 00:30:30,389 --> 00:30:27,440 radiation hardened parts so electronic 846 00:30:32,789 --> 00:30:30,399 and electrical parts are very sensitive 847 00:30:35,190 --> 00:30:32,799 to these highly charged particles so 848 00:30:38,389 --> 00:30:35,200 you can actually buy some parts that are 849 00:30:40,230 --> 00:30:38,399 tested to higher levels of uh radiation 850 00:30:42,710 --> 00:30:40,240 and uh and so that that's the first 851 00:30:44,950 --> 00:30:42,720 place we started the second thing we did 852 00:30:47,669 --> 00:30:44,960 was uh to shield all these critical 853 00:30:47,990 --> 00:30:47,679 electronics both spacecraft subsystems 854 00:30:51,350 --> 00:30:48,000 and 855 00:30:52,549 --> 00:30:51,360 science instruments in 350 mils thick 856 00:30:55,269 --> 00:30:52,559 aluminum boxes 857 00:30:55,909 --> 00:30:55,279 uh so that's approximately a third of an 858 00:30:58,549 --> 00:30:55,919 inch thick 859 00:30:59,350 --> 00:30:58,559 or some thinly sliced bread as it gives 860 00:31:02,389 --> 00:30:59,360 you an idea 861 00:31:04,149 --> 00:31:02,399 of the thickness and so essentially the 862 00:31:06,310 --> 00:31:04,159 the primary way that we're overcoming 863 00:31:08,070 --> 00:31:06,320 this difficult environment is to is to 864 00:31:09,590 --> 00:31:08,080 go there in a suit of armor 865 00:31:11,750 --> 00:31:09,600 and and that makes us one of the 866 00:31:13,430 --> 00:31:11,760 toughest missions um 867 00:31:15,509 --> 00:31:13,440 tough in the sense that we can survive 868 00:31:17,350 --> 00:31:15,519 this this environment that nasa's ever 869 00:31:18,710 --> 00:31:17,360 put together 870 00:31:20,470 --> 00:31:18,720 and you can see the text there 871 00:31:22,149 --> 00:31:20,480 installing some of those boxes and what 872 00:31:29,190 --> 00:31:22,159 we call the dog houses so the 873 00:31:34,630 --> 00:31:32,789 so what we want to talk about next is 874 00:31:36,710 --> 00:31:34,640 the mission itself so we've said there's 875 00:31:38,870 --> 00:31:36,720 two satellites and you can see here 876 00:31:40,549 --> 00:31:38,880 the satellites are separating from the 877 00:31:43,430 --> 00:31:40,559 the launch vehicle 878 00:31:46,389 --> 00:31:43,440 that separation will happen over hawaii 879 00:31:50,310 --> 00:31:46,399 approximately 78 minutes after launch 880 00:31:52,070 --> 00:31:50,320 we'll see that separation happen and um 881 00:31:54,149 --> 00:31:52,080 the the satellites are injected into 882 00:31:56,389 --> 00:31:54,159 slightly different orbits and that that 883 00:31:57,909 --> 00:31:56,399 is uh part of the mission design that 884 00:32:00,630 --> 00:31:57,919 barry talked about 885 00:32:02,549 --> 00:32:00,640 where we are able to make these 886 00:32:05,190 --> 00:32:02,559 measurements throughout the structure 887 00:32:06,950 --> 00:32:05,200 of the radiation belts um with them 888 00:32:09,430 --> 00:32:06,960 separated in different ways sometimes 889 00:32:11,430 --> 00:32:09,440 close together sometimes further apart 890 00:32:15,750 --> 00:32:11,440 and the injection of the orbit is 891 00:32:18,789 --> 00:32:15,760 critical to being able to do that 892 00:32:21,750 --> 00:32:18,799 the next thing that i want to talk about 893 00:32:22,310 --> 00:32:21,760 is the deployment itself so so barry 894 00:32:24,230 --> 00:32:22,320 showed you 895 00:32:26,470 --> 00:32:24,240 an animation and you can see it there 896 00:32:27,990 --> 00:32:26,480 where the magnetometer booms are 897 00:32:30,389 --> 00:32:28,000 deployed and you can see these wire 898 00:32:32,549 --> 00:32:30,399 booms coming out at you right there 899 00:32:35,029 --> 00:32:32,559 that's not in real time 900 00:32:36,710 --> 00:32:35,039 so these wire booms actually take a 901 00:32:38,710 --> 00:32:36,720 couple of weeks to deploy 902 00:32:40,789 --> 00:32:38,720 and they are they're essentially on 903 00:32:41,750 --> 00:32:40,799 reels inside the spacecraft kind of like 904 00:32:45,269 --> 00:32:41,760 a fishing reel 905 00:32:46,389 --> 00:32:45,279 and they get played out over a period of 906 00:32:48,549 --> 00:32:46,399 two weeks 907 00:32:50,149 --> 00:32:48,559 and and that's all part of our 60-day 908 00:32:53,590 --> 00:32:50,159 commissioning timeline 909 00:32:55,509 --> 00:32:53,600 so in a very carefully choreographed 910 00:32:57,350 --> 00:32:55,519 series of turn-ons of the various 911 00:32:58,549 --> 00:32:57,360 instruments and and subsystems on the 912 00:33:02,310 --> 00:32:58,559 spacecraft 913 00:33:04,310 --> 00:33:02,320 um we uh we decide which 914 00:33:06,149 --> 00:33:04,320 instruments with with the science team 915 00:33:08,389 --> 00:33:06,159 will get turned on in which order 916 00:33:11,190 --> 00:33:08,399 and when these deployments will happen 917 00:33:11,750 --> 00:33:11,200 and so um the the animations that you 918 00:33:13,990 --> 00:33:11,760 saw 919 00:33:15,350 --> 00:33:14,000 are um pointing to some of the uh the 920 00:33:16,149 --> 00:33:15,360 fields measurements that are going to be 921 00:33:18,310 --> 00:33:16,159 made 922 00:33:19,830 --> 00:33:18,320 and um and and showing you those 923 00:33:21,990 --> 00:33:19,840 deployments 924 00:33:24,789 --> 00:33:22,000 um i did also want to talk about some of 925 00:33:26,470 --> 00:33:24,799 the integration and test activities 926 00:33:28,149 --> 00:33:26,480 that we've had on the program so i have 927 00:33:30,389 --> 00:33:28,159 a series of video clips 928 00:33:31,750 --> 00:33:30,399 to show some of the key events and talk 929 00:33:34,870 --> 00:33:31,760 a little bit about 930 00:33:36,950 --> 00:33:34,880 what it is that they um that 931 00:33:38,710 --> 00:33:36,960 that we've done with this mission that 932 00:33:41,430 --> 00:33:38,720 that are somewhat unique 933 00:33:43,110 --> 00:33:41,440 so if we can roll that first video the 934 00:33:43,750 --> 00:33:43,120 first thing we have here are the solar 935 00:33:45,909 --> 00:33:43,760 panels 936 00:33:47,669 --> 00:33:45,919 and there's a deployment test here to 937 00:33:49,509 --> 00:33:47,679 make sure the mechanisms work 938 00:33:51,430 --> 00:33:49,519 in a gene gated environment for the 939 00:33:53,830 --> 00:33:51,440 solar panels to pop open 940 00:33:55,269 --> 00:33:53,840 and then for those booms to deploy the 941 00:33:57,430 --> 00:33:55,279 solar panels i will mention 942 00:33:59,350 --> 00:33:57,440 are specially designed to dissipate 943 00:34:00,710 --> 00:33:59,360 surface charge which is one of the 944 00:34:02,389 --> 00:34:00,720 things that we're concerned about with 945 00:34:05,029 --> 00:34:02,399 this mission so 946 00:34:05,990 --> 00:34:05,039 those were key tests i'm showing here a 947 00:34:07,990 --> 00:34:06,000 stack vibration 948 00:34:09,669 --> 00:34:08,000 test so with any any satellite mission 949 00:34:10,950 --> 00:34:09,679 this is one of the toughest environments 950 00:34:12,550 --> 00:34:10,960 to survive and that's the launch 951 00:34:14,069 --> 00:34:12,560 environment with the ride that you get 952 00:34:16,470 --> 00:34:14,079 from the launch vehicle 953 00:34:18,149 --> 00:34:16,480 and so we we test as we fly in a stacked 954 00:34:20,869 --> 00:34:18,159 configuration 955 00:34:23,349 --> 00:34:20,879 and then we have a magnetic swing test 956 00:34:25,349 --> 00:34:23,359 this is critically important because 957 00:34:27,109 --> 00:34:25,359 the spacecraft has to be magnetically 958 00:34:28,790 --> 00:34:27,119 silent in order to make these sensitive 959 00:34:30,389 --> 00:34:28,800 magnetic fields measurements and this 960 00:34:32,550 --> 00:34:30,399 test essentially is like walking through 961 00:34:34,550 --> 00:34:32,560 a magnetometer at the airport 962 00:34:36,149 --> 00:34:34,560 fortunately we're very quiet in that 963 00:34:39,030 --> 00:34:36,159 sense 964 00:34:41,109 --> 00:34:39,040 the next you will see here is a a test 965 00:34:43,349 --> 00:34:41,119 of our separation mechanism from the 966 00:34:44,869 --> 00:34:43,359 launch vehicle and the clamp band and 967 00:34:46,629 --> 00:34:44,879 we have to make sure obviously that 968 00:34:47,990 --> 00:34:46,639 separates successfully and you can see 969 00:34:49,829 --> 00:34:48,000 there the deployment we did 970 00:34:51,270 --> 00:34:49,839 together with our launch vehicle 971 00:34:54,470 --> 00:34:51,280 provider 972 00:34:58,550 --> 00:34:57,589 we next have a test that would show here 973 00:35:00,310 --> 00:34:58,560 with the electric 974 00:35:01,670 --> 00:35:00,320 fields measurement so there's also some 975 00:35:03,510 --> 00:35:01,680 antennas top and bottom on the 976 00:35:06,150 --> 00:35:03,520 spacecraft and this is the first motion 977 00:35:07,750 --> 00:35:06,160 test of one of those antennas 978 00:35:09,190 --> 00:35:07,760 and then we move to the thermal vacuum 979 00:35:11,030 --> 00:35:09,200 test which is a 980 00:35:12,790 --> 00:35:11,040 pretty standard in the industry you want 981 00:35:13,589 --> 00:35:12,800 to test in the in thermal environment 982 00:35:16,870 --> 00:35:13,599 you're going to live in 983 00:35:17,270 --> 00:35:16,880 and under vacuum conditions this is all 984 00:35:21,829 --> 00:35:17,280 done 985 00:35:22,710 --> 00:35:21,839 chambers that we have at apl are 986 00:35:25,270 --> 00:35:22,720 somewhat unique 987 00:35:27,430 --> 00:35:25,280 in that they open from the bottom and 988 00:35:30,470 --> 00:35:27,440 the spacecraft are actually deployed 989 00:35:31,910 --> 00:35:30,480 from bottom to top and pushed up into 990 00:35:33,829 --> 00:35:31,920 the second floor 991 00:35:35,829 --> 00:35:33,839 bolted down and then we run the test for 992 00:35:37,589 --> 00:35:35,839 about 30 days 993 00:35:39,670 --> 00:35:37,599 the final test that i'm showing you here 994 00:35:42,790 --> 00:35:39,680 is our 995 00:35:45,430 --> 00:35:42,800 spin test and we do this because the 996 00:35:46,390 --> 00:35:45,440 spacecraft spin at about 5 rpm nominally 997 00:35:47,829 --> 00:35:46,400 on orbit 998 00:35:50,310 --> 00:35:47,839 and we need to make sure they're well 999 00:35:52,310 --> 00:35:50,320 balanced so this test is a lot like 1000 00:35:54,069 --> 00:35:52,320 taking car tires and getting them 1001 00:35:58,230 --> 00:35:54,079 balanced at the garage 1002 00:35:59,670 --> 00:35:58,240 and as you well know you can put some 1003 00:36:01,270 --> 00:35:59,680 various weights of different parts on 1004 00:36:02,550 --> 00:36:01,280 the wheel to make sure that they 1005 00:36:04,710 --> 00:36:02,560 that they're all balanced and we do the 1006 00:36:07,349 --> 00:36:04,720 same thing with the spacecraft 1007 00:36:07,750 --> 00:36:07,359 on orbit um we do have a period where we 1008 00:36:09,349 --> 00:36:07,760 spin 1009 00:36:10,870 --> 00:36:09,359 a little bit faster than nominal in 1010 00:36:12,310 --> 00:36:10,880 order to make those deployments of the 1011 00:36:13,990 --> 00:36:12,320 wire booms 1012 00:36:17,589 --> 00:36:14,000 but once we're in a nominal condition 1013 00:36:19,750 --> 00:36:17,599 we'll spin at about 5 rpm 1014 00:36:21,349 --> 00:36:19,760 the final slide that i want to show you 1015 00:36:22,550 --> 00:36:21,359 is the spacecraft in the stacked 1016 00:36:24,630 --> 00:36:22,560 configuration 1017 00:36:25,910 --> 00:36:24,640 down at the cape so this was just taken 1018 00:36:27,589 --> 00:36:25,920 a few days ago 1019 00:36:28,950 --> 00:36:27,599 inside the fairing you can see there 1020 00:36:30,870 --> 00:36:28,960 we're stacked on top of the launch 1021 00:36:34,310 --> 00:36:30,880 vehicle adapter 1022 00:36:35,430 --> 00:36:34,320 and and so the the team has been working 1023 00:36:37,349 --> 00:36:35,440 very hard over the 1024 00:36:39,510 --> 00:36:37,359 period of about five years to get to 1025 00:36:40,470 --> 00:36:39,520 this point uh we're very proud of the 1026 00:36:43,670 --> 00:36:40,480 mission 1027 00:36:45,109 --> 00:36:43,680 and um as a runner uh there's a slogan 1028 00:36:45,990 --> 00:36:45,119 that you see occasionally written on 1029 00:36:49,750 --> 00:36:46,000 t-shirts 1030 00:36:50,470 --> 00:36:49,760 which says uh uh my sport is your sports 1031 00:36:51,829 --> 00:36:50,480 punishment 1032 00:36:53,910 --> 00:36:51,839 and that's how we feel about this 1033 00:36:55,829 --> 00:36:53,920 mission so our mission is other missions 1034 00:36:57,510 --> 00:36:55,839 punishment nobody really wants to live 1035 00:37:00,470 --> 00:36:57,520 in the environment that we're going to 1036 00:37:01,829 --> 00:37:00,480 live in for two years and so it's taken 1037 00:37:03,589 --> 00:37:01,839 a lot of effort 1038 00:37:05,990 --> 00:37:03,599 to overcome some of the challenges that 1039 00:37:08,230 --> 00:37:06,000 i just spoke about to get to this point 1040 00:37:09,430 --> 00:37:08,240 and we're very pleased and happy to be 1041 00:37:12,150 --> 00:37:09,440 uh uh 1042 00:37:14,470 --> 00:37:12,160 at this point um just uh less than uh a 1043 00:37:16,790 --> 00:37:14,480 couple of weeks away from launch so 1044 00:37:18,550 --> 00:37:16,800 um with that i'd like to wrap it up and 1045 00:37:19,829 --> 00:37:18,560 uh i want to say a special thank you to 1046 00:37:22,069 --> 00:37:19,839 the team 1047 00:37:25,109 --> 00:37:22,079 that we've assembled this fantastic rbsp 1048 00:37:26,790 --> 00:37:25,119 team that's pulled this mission together 1049 00:37:28,630 --> 00:37:26,800 thanks rick and with that we'll start 1050 00:37:30,710 --> 00:37:28,640 the question and answer session 1051 00:37:32,790 --> 00:37:30,720 we have a number of people joining us 1052 00:37:33,829 --> 00:37:32,800 today from a variety of locations so we 1053 00:37:35,829 --> 00:37:33,839 ask that reporters 1054 00:37:36,870 --> 00:37:35,839 limit themselves to one question and one 1055 00:37:38,870 --> 00:37:36,880 follow-up 1056 00:37:41,829 --> 00:37:38,880 we will go around a second time if time 1057 00:37:44,150 --> 00:37:41,839 permits also we'd like to have you 1058 00:37:45,510 --> 00:37:44,160 identify yourself your media affiliation 1059 00:37:47,430 --> 00:37:45,520 and then direct your question to a 1060 00:37:49,829 --> 00:37:47,440 specific panelist if at all possible 1061 00:37:51,109 --> 00:37:49,839 to avoid any confusion for those on the 1062 00:37:52,630 --> 00:37:51,119 telephone bridge 1063 00:37:54,710 --> 00:37:52,640 who would like to ask a question push 1064 00:37:57,109 --> 00:37:54,720 the star one keys on your telephone 1065 00:37:57,910 --> 00:37:57,119 to be placed in the queue and once again 1066 00:38:01,349 --> 00:37:57,920 on twitter 1067 00:38:03,510 --> 00:38:01,359 you can send your questions to ask nasa 1068 00:38:04,550 --> 00:38:03,520 and we do have one question already in 1069 00:38:07,910 --> 00:38:04,560 the queue from the 1070 00:38:09,109 --> 00:38:07,920 twitter twitter spear um 1071 00:38:11,109 --> 00:38:09,119 this question i'm not sure who it's 1072 00:38:13,430 --> 00:38:11,119 gonna go to but what's the impact of 1073 00:38:16,390 --> 00:38:13,440 on the mission if for whatever reason 1074 00:38:19,750 --> 00:38:16,400 one of the probes doesn't work 1075 00:38:23,589 --> 00:38:19,760 okay i'll take that uh question 1076 00:38:26,069 --> 00:38:23,599 the answer is first of all we anticipate 1077 00:38:26,870 --> 00:38:26,079 that they're both going to work they're 1078 00:38:28,710 --> 00:38:26,880 have the 1079 00:38:30,950 --> 00:38:28,720 as you have just heard from rick they 1080 00:38:32,310 --> 00:38:30,960 have been well designed well tested 1081 00:38:34,069 --> 00:38:32,320 thoroughly tested 1082 00:38:35,430 --> 00:38:34,079 and so our anticipation is that they 1083 00:38:37,910 --> 00:38:35,440 will work however 1084 00:38:38,710 --> 00:38:37,920 if they don't work if one of them 1085 00:38:41,270 --> 00:38:38,720 doesn't work 1086 00:38:42,470 --> 00:38:41,280 then we still have these very 1087 00:38:45,190 --> 00:38:42,480 sophisticated 1088 00:38:45,670 --> 00:38:45,200 instruments out there that are capable 1089 00:38:50,230 --> 00:38:45,680 of 1090 00:38:52,310 --> 00:38:50,240 the radiation belts 1091 00:38:54,390 --> 00:38:52,320 and so that we think that we can achieve 1092 00:38:57,589 --> 00:38:54,400 some really stunning science 1093 00:38:59,589 --> 00:38:57,599 even if we only have one spacecraft and 1094 00:39:00,630 --> 00:38:59,599 i think i'll add to that i think we have 1095 00:39:02,390 --> 00:39:00,640 a situation 1096 00:39:05,030 --> 00:39:02,400 because this is part of living with a 1097 00:39:05,910 --> 00:39:05,040 star we are actually going to be able to 1098 00:39:07,990 --> 00:39:05,920 study 1099 00:39:10,790 --> 00:39:08,000 sort of the causes and consequences that 1100 00:39:14,710 --> 00:39:10,800 causes solar variability and its impact 1101 00:39:16,150 --> 00:39:14,720 uh even with one spacecraft 1102 00:39:18,630 --> 00:39:16,160 thank you i believe we have someone on 1103 00:39:22,870 --> 00:39:18,640 the radio right on the telephone rather 1104 00:39:27,510 --> 00:39:25,910 um hi this is lisa i'm wondering why 1105 00:39:28,390 --> 00:39:27,520 these questions have gone unanswered for 1106 00:39:32,790 --> 00:39:28,400 so long 1107 00:39:36,150 --> 00:39:34,710 i didn't hear the question i'm afraid 1108 00:39:38,470 --> 00:39:36,160 the question was how come 1109 00:39:39,750 --> 00:39:38,480 the uh these questions have gone on and 1110 00:39:42,630 --> 00:39:39,760 unanswered for so long 1111 00:39:44,790 --> 00:39:42,640 well it i let me take a take a stab at 1112 00:39:48,150 --> 00:39:44,800 that uh it's not for lack of trying 1113 00:39:50,950 --> 00:39:48,160 uh one of the greatest advances uh 1114 00:39:52,150 --> 00:39:50,960 in understanding the new dynamics of the 1115 00:39:54,390 --> 00:39:52,160 radiation belts was the 1116 00:39:56,069 --> 00:39:54,400 was the air force cress mission that 1117 00:40:00,390 --> 00:39:56,079 flew in the early 90s 1118 00:40:02,230 --> 00:40:00,400 and then nasa flew the sampex mission 1119 00:40:04,470 --> 00:40:02,240 which is a low altitude mission but 1120 00:40:05,349 --> 00:40:04,480 could monitor the radiation belt over 1121 00:40:07,990 --> 00:40:05,359 long 1122 00:40:09,190 --> 00:40:08,000 periods of time but these were single 1123 00:40:12,069 --> 00:40:09,200 spacecraft 1124 00:40:14,150 --> 00:40:12,079 and they the fundamental issue of being 1125 00:40:16,870 --> 00:40:14,160 able to separate spatial 1126 00:40:18,870 --> 00:40:16,880 variations from temporal variations they 1127 00:40:20,870 --> 00:40:18,880 just could not uh were not able to do 1128 00:40:24,630 --> 00:40:20,880 that and that's so fundamental 1129 00:40:26,230 --> 00:40:24,640 uh that that we really can't resolve 1130 00:40:28,550 --> 00:40:26,240 the mysteries that are there without 1131 00:40:30,069 --> 00:40:28,560 that capability i also wanted to point 1132 00:40:32,069 --> 00:40:30,079 out that there are 1133 00:40:34,069 --> 00:40:32,079 more recent technologies instrument 1134 00:40:35,030 --> 00:40:34,079 technologies that really allow us to 1135 00:40:37,430 --> 00:40:35,040 make 1136 00:40:39,349 --> 00:40:37,440 much much cleaner measurements in the 1137 00:40:40,230 --> 00:40:39,359 radiation belt than we've ever been able 1138 00:40:43,430 --> 00:40:40,240 to do 1139 00:40:45,190 --> 00:40:43,440 uh before this these penetrating 1140 00:40:46,870 --> 00:40:45,200 particles get into the ear instruments 1141 00:40:49,109 --> 00:40:46,880 they contaminate the measurements 1142 00:40:50,710 --> 00:40:49,119 it's just a very hard thing to do and 1143 00:40:51,990 --> 00:40:50,720 more recent technologies have 1144 00:40:55,190 --> 00:40:52,000 allowed us to make much better 1145 00:40:55,510 --> 00:40:55,200 measurements and if i may add to that i 1146 00:40:58,069 --> 00:40:55,520 think 1147 00:40:59,109 --> 00:40:58,079 we are studying the radiation belt for 1148 00:41:01,829 --> 00:40:59,119 its signs sake 1149 00:41:04,069 --> 00:41:01,839 intrinsic signs as it applies to the 1150 00:41:06,309 --> 00:41:04,079 bells and elsewhere in the universe 1151 00:41:08,790 --> 00:41:06,319 but it's also for its relevance to life 1152 00:41:11,750 --> 00:41:08,800 and society and i think space weather 1153 00:41:13,030 --> 00:41:11,760 is a really emerging area where we are 1154 00:41:15,190 --> 00:41:13,040 beginning to 1155 00:41:16,390 --> 00:41:15,200 understand the impact of solar 1156 00:41:19,430 --> 00:41:16,400 variability 1157 00:41:20,150 --> 00:41:19,440 on our technology uh whether it's in the 1158 00:41:23,270 --> 00:41:20,160 radiation 1159 00:41:23,589 --> 00:41:23,280 belts elsewhere and and so recognizing 1160 00:41:27,109 --> 00:41:23,599 that 1161 00:41:28,630 --> 00:41:27,119 importance i think we are uh making sure 1162 00:41:30,230 --> 00:41:28,640 that we have the appropriate 1163 00:41:34,550 --> 00:41:30,240 observations and measurements 1164 00:41:37,030 --> 00:41:34,560 to really understand uh these systems 1165 00:41:38,309 --> 00:41:37,040 and now i'm just sorry one last thing to 1166 00:41:40,790 --> 00:41:38,319 that which is that 1167 00:41:43,510 --> 00:41:40,800 we are becoming very dependent on our 1168 00:41:45,430 --> 00:41:43,520 space assets we have more than 300 1169 00:41:47,510 --> 00:41:45,440 satellites in geosynchronous 1170 00:41:49,349 --> 00:41:47,520 orbit i don't know how many we have in 1171 00:41:51,430 --> 00:41:49,359 low earth orbit we also have the space 1172 00:41:53,670 --> 00:41:51,440 station up there so 1173 00:41:54,790 --> 00:41:53,680 these assets are very important we have 1174 00:41:57,270 --> 00:41:54,800 to understand 1175 00:41:59,270 --> 00:41:57,280 this space environment and that's what 1176 00:42:01,589 --> 00:41:59,280 we're setting out to do 1177 00:42:03,109 --> 00:42:01,599 sounds good we're also going back to our 1178 00:42:04,150 --> 00:42:03,119 telephone bridge once again with clara 1179 00:42:07,750 --> 00:42:04,160 moskowitz 1180 00:42:11,190 --> 00:42:10,069 yes hi my question i think it's ramona 1181 00:42:13,670 --> 00:42:11,200 uh you mentioned 1182 00:42:14,470 --> 00:42:13,680 that the iss sometimes passes through 1183 00:42:17,510 --> 00:42:14,480 these belts 1184 00:42:21,030 --> 00:42:17,520 if they expand down lower um 1185 00:42:22,870 --> 00:42:21,040 can you say whether the iss has recently 1186 00:42:24,550 --> 00:42:22,880 made a pass through the belts and just 1187 00:42:25,910 --> 00:42:24,560 how high how much higher is the 1188 00:42:28,550 --> 00:42:25,920 radiation dose 1189 00:42:30,150 --> 00:42:28,560 they experience than the normal iss 1190 00:42:33,430 --> 00:42:30,160 radiation dose 1191 00:42:35,510 --> 00:42:33,440 we have been going through a time where 1192 00:42:37,990 --> 00:42:35,520 the sun has been very quiet 1193 00:42:39,190 --> 00:42:38,000 actually so most of the time that the 1194 00:42:41,030 --> 00:42:39,200 space station 1195 00:42:42,950 --> 00:42:41,040 recently has been a time where we 1196 00:42:46,069 --> 00:42:42,960 haven't had that much activity 1197 00:42:47,750 --> 00:42:46,079 and we haven't had any any recent times 1198 00:42:49,349 --> 00:42:47,760 where the space station has 1199 00:42:52,470 --> 00:42:49,359 has been going through the radiation 1200 00:42:55,589 --> 00:42:52,480 belts the dosage that you might get 1201 00:42:57,990 --> 00:42:55,599 on a quick pass-through is is much less 1202 00:43:01,109 --> 00:42:58,000 than you would get from a ct scan 1203 00:43:02,870 --> 00:43:01,119 so it's really only prolonged over the 1204 00:43:04,150 --> 00:43:02,880 course of quite some time 1205 00:43:07,030 --> 00:43:04,160 that you're going to get anything 1206 00:43:11,589 --> 00:43:09,190 thanks mona we have another twitter 1207 00:43:12,230 --> 00:43:11,599 question here how will rbsp improve 1208 00:43:16,870 --> 00:43:12,240 space 1209 00:43:22,470 --> 00:43:20,069 i mean one of the ways we we generate 1210 00:43:24,630 --> 00:43:22,480 predictions is by generating 1211 00:43:25,510 --> 00:43:24,640 models simulations and models of the 1212 00:43:29,670 --> 00:43:25,520 space 1213 00:43:33,030 --> 00:43:29,680 preliminary simulations 1214 00:43:36,069 --> 00:43:33,040 they do they are able to predict 1215 00:43:36,790 --> 00:43:36,079 space weather to limited degrees what we 1216 00:43:39,990 --> 00:43:36,800 need to do 1217 00:43:42,309 --> 00:43:40,000 is to solve the fundamental science of 1218 00:43:43,030 --> 00:43:42,319 the radiation so that we can improve 1219 00:43:45,270 --> 00:43:43,040 those uh 1220 00:43:46,150 --> 00:43:45,280 those basic models many of those models 1221 00:43:48,069 --> 00:43:46,160 are driven 1222 00:43:50,150 --> 00:43:48,079 by the interplanetary environment the 1223 00:43:52,470 --> 00:43:50,160 the solar wind comes at uh 1224 00:43:53,270 --> 00:43:52,480 at the earth's magnetosphere it has a 1225 00:43:55,829 --> 00:43:53,280 density 1226 00:43:56,470 --> 00:43:55,839 it has a velocity it contains a magnetic 1227 00:43:59,430 --> 00:43:56,480 field 1228 00:44:01,270 --> 00:43:59,440 and these simulation models do have some 1229 00:44:02,309 --> 00:44:01,280 preliminary predictions of what the 1230 00:44:05,030 --> 00:44:02,319 consequences 1231 00:44:06,470 --> 00:44:05,040 of those inputs are to the space 1232 00:44:09,030 --> 00:44:06,480 environment around earth 1233 00:44:10,790 --> 00:44:09,040 we do not those models do not contain 1234 00:44:11,750 --> 00:44:10,800 enough of the fundamental physics that 1235 00:44:14,069 --> 00:44:11,760 we need to find 1236 00:44:15,430 --> 00:44:14,079 out in order for those models to give a 1237 00:44:18,069 --> 00:44:15,440 high fidelity 1238 00:44:19,829 --> 00:44:18,079 prediction and by improving the our 1239 00:44:20,790 --> 00:44:19,839 understanding of the fundamental physics 1240 00:44:22,870 --> 00:44:20,800 in this region 1241 00:44:24,950 --> 00:44:22,880 those models will become higher and 1242 00:44:26,550 --> 00:44:24,960 higher in fidelity and will improve our 1243 00:44:29,190 --> 00:44:26,560 predictions 1244 00:44:31,430 --> 00:44:29,200 and and also add that some of the models 1245 00:44:32,390 --> 00:44:31,440 are empirical models which means that 1246 00:44:35,910 --> 00:44:32,400 they actually 1247 00:44:38,069 --> 00:44:35,920 take data that exists in that region and 1248 00:44:40,230 --> 00:44:38,079 assimilate it into the model 1249 00:44:41,589 --> 00:44:40,240 and when we once we have the rbsp 1250 00:44:43,990 --> 00:44:41,599 satellites up there there'll be 1251 00:44:45,910 --> 00:44:44,000 additional data that can be assimilated 1252 00:44:49,430 --> 00:44:45,920 into the models and as barry said we're 1253 00:44:51,109 --> 00:44:49,440 going to have much higher fidelity 1254 00:44:53,109 --> 00:44:51,119 we'll go back to the telephone bridge 1255 00:44:56,710 --> 00:44:53,119 now with al staller from 1256 00:45:02,309 --> 00:45:00,069 house dollar kvmr question for barry 1257 00:45:03,829 --> 00:45:02,319 despite the radiation hardening do you 1258 00:45:06,470 --> 00:45:03,839 envision there might be a scenario when 1259 00:45:09,990 --> 00:45:06,480 you would have to go into safe mode 1260 00:45:11,030 --> 00:45:10,000 um one of the um one of the fundamental 1261 00:45:14,630 --> 00:45:11,040 requirements 1262 00:45:14,950 --> 00:45:14,640 of the radiation belt uh storm probes is 1263 00:45:17,349 --> 00:45:14,960 it 1264 00:45:18,710 --> 00:45:17,359 had to be designed to what we call 1265 00:45:20,550 --> 00:45:18,720 operate through 1266 00:45:21,750 --> 00:45:20,560 the radiation belt storm probes are 1267 00:45:23,910 --> 00:45:21,760 designed with an 1268 00:45:24,950 --> 00:45:23,920 operate through requirement which means 1269 00:45:27,190 --> 00:45:24,960 that it has to 1270 00:45:27,990 --> 00:45:27,200 take quality measurements during the 1271 00:45:31,190 --> 00:45:28,000 worst 1272 00:45:32,710 --> 00:45:31,200 of the uh the highest intensity 1273 00:45:34,710 --> 00:45:32,720 radiation belt events 1274 00:45:35,750 --> 00:45:34,720 we've characterized that worst case 1275 00:45:39,510 --> 00:45:35,760 environment 1276 00:45:40,550 --> 00:45:39,520 were made over the last couple of 1277 00:45:43,750 --> 00:45:40,560 decades 1278 00:45:45,510 --> 00:45:43,760 and so the the spacecraft and its 1279 00:45:47,510 --> 00:45:45,520 interior and all the instrument was 1280 00:45:50,790 --> 00:45:47,520 designed with that worst case 1281 00:45:53,430 --> 00:45:50,800 radiation environment in mind and so we 1282 00:45:55,510 --> 00:45:53,440 absolutely do not anticipate that rbsp 1283 00:45:59,109 --> 00:45:55,520 will go into safe mode because of high 1284 00:46:00,470 --> 00:45:59,119 radiation once again if you would like 1285 00:46:02,309 --> 00:46:00,480 to ask a question on the telephone 1286 00:46:04,069 --> 00:46:02,319 bridge push the star one keys on your 1287 00:46:06,550 --> 00:46:04,079 telephone to be placed in the queue 1288 00:46:08,630 --> 00:46:06,560 and you can send your questions to ask 1289 00:46:10,390 --> 00:46:08,640 nasa on the twitter sphere 1290 00:46:12,069 --> 00:46:10,400 another question here which i think is 1291 00:46:14,470 --> 00:46:12,079 pretty interesting is there any chance 1292 00:46:16,230 --> 00:46:14,480 of harnessing the energy in the in the 1293 00:46:20,230 --> 00:46:16,240 belt since the flow is constant 1294 00:46:20,240 --> 00:46:24,470 i can dive in there 1295 00:46:29,349 --> 00:46:26,790 the answer is probably not there's a 1296 00:46:31,190 --> 00:46:29,359 tremendous amount of energy 1297 00:46:32,790 --> 00:46:31,200 within the radiation belts but the 1298 00:46:34,710 --> 00:46:32,800 energy density 1299 00:46:36,950 --> 00:46:34,720 within the radiation belts that means 1300 00:46:40,150 --> 00:46:36,960 the energy per cubic meter 1301 00:46:42,630 --> 00:46:40,160 if you will is in fact very very low and 1302 00:46:44,710 --> 00:46:42,640 in order to harness an energy source 1303 00:46:47,030 --> 00:46:44,720 not only do you need a lot of energy but 1304 00:46:48,630 --> 00:46:47,040 you need a lot of energy density 1305 00:46:51,190 --> 00:46:48,640 in order for it to be an efficient 1306 00:46:52,790 --> 00:46:51,200 source of energy so no despite the fact 1307 00:46:53,829 --> 00:46:52,800 that the radiation belt are very 1308 00:46:56,550 --> 00:46:53,839 dangerous 1309 00:46:58,790 --> 00:46:56,560 very high energy in total the energy 1310 00:47:02,230 --> 00:46:58,800 density is in fact too small to be a 1311 00:47:03,990 --> 00:47:02,240 practical source of energy 1312 00:47:05,589 --> 00:47:04,000 all right back to the twitter sphere 1313 00:47:08,829 --> 00:47:05,599 when do you expect the first science 1314 00:47:15,910 --> 00:47:12,470 um we have a commissioning phase 1315 00:47:18,390 --> 00:47:15,920 that's going to last about 60 days 1316 00:47:20,309 --> 00:47:18,400 and after that we are going to be 1317 00:47:20,790 --> 00:47:20,319 getting results out very quickly we've 1318 00:47:23,750 --> 00:47:20,800 actually 1319 00:47:24,309 --> 00:47:23,760 targeted the american geophysical union 1320 00:47:26,230 --> 00:47:24,319 meeting 1321 00:47:27,349 --> 00:47:26,240 which will be in december in san 1322 00:47:29,430 --> 00:47:27,359 francisco 1323 00:47:31,030 --> 00:47:29,440 and we have a special session there and 1324 00:47:31,829 --> 00:47:31,040 we're going to show some of our early 1325 00:47:33,190 --> 00:47:31,839 results 1326 00:47:35,349 --> 00:47:33,200 we've got to give the scientists a 1327 00:47:36,870 --> 00:47:35,359 little bit of time to look at the data 1328 00:47:38,950 --> 00:47:36,880 once we've gone through commissioning 1329 00:47:39,510 --> 00:47:38,960 but but we're expecting that that 1330 00:47:41,190 --> 00:47:39,520 meeting 1331 00:47:45,190 --> 00:47:41,200 is going to be the first time that we're 1332 00:47:49,510 --> 00:47:47,349 okay one more question here and this 1333 00:47:51,349 --> 00:47:49,520 involves the educational component 1334 00:47:52,790 --> 00:47:51,359 how are students participating in this 1335 00:47:56,630 --> 00:47:52,800 mission 1336 00:47:58,470 --> 00:47:56,640 i can start we actually have 1337 00:48:00,870 --> 00:47:58,480 like some of our flight controllers our 1338 00:48:02,549 --> 00:48:00,880 college students from area universities 1339 00:48:03,510 --> 00:48:02,559 who have been trained over the summer 1340 00:48:06,069 --> 00:48:03,520 and 1341 00:48:07,990 --> 00:48:06,079 an intense period to be able to operate 1342 00:48:12,470 --> 00:48:08,000 the satellites 1343 00:48:17,190 --> 00:48:12,480 we also have a very robust epo program 1344 00:48:19,430 --> 00:48:17,200 that involves k through 12 and also 1345 00:48:20,950 --> 00:48:19,440 college students as well and barrier 1346 00:48:23,589 --> 00:48:20,960 money might have more details to talk 1347 00:48:25,829 --> 00:48:23,599 about i just want to point out that the 1348 00:48:26,390 --> 00:48:25,839 principal investigators of the various 1349 00:48:28,309 --> 00:48:26,400 uh 1350 00:48:29,430 --> 00:48:28,319 investigations all come from major 1351 00:48:31,510 --> 00:48:29,440 universities 1352 00:48:33,430 --> 00:48:31,520 they all have student involvement in the 1353 00:48:35,190 --> 00:48:33,440 fundamental science that they are 1354 00:48:37,270 --> 00:48:35,200 they're doing they had student 1355 00:48:39,750 --> 00:48:37,280 involvement in the construction 1356 00:48:40,870 --> 00:48:39,760 and design of the instruments at some 1357 00:48:43,670 --> 00:48:40,880 always at some 1358 00:48:45,109 --> 00:48:43,680 relatively low level but uh but but 1359 00:48:46,630 --> 00:48:45,119 involvement as well 1360 00:48:49,030 --> 00:48:46,640 and those students again will be 1361 00:48:49,829 --> 00:48:49,040 involved in get pulling the science out 1362 00:48:52,870 --> 00:48:49,839 of the uh 1363 00:48:55,270 --> 00:48:52,880 out of the data this is a our our leads 1364 00:48:57,510 --> 00:48:55,280 are uh major participants in their 1365 00:49:00,309 --> 00:48:57,520 university education programs 1366 00:49:01,829 --> 00:49:00,319 and and i'll say a final note to that 1367 00:49:03,990 --> 00:49:01,839 because i've been 1368 00:49:05,829 --> 00:49:04,000 going around the country several places 1369 00:49:08,549 --> 00:49:05,839 i've been doing some lectures on 1370 00:49:10,230 --> 00:49:08,559 upcoming science of rbsp and there are 1371 00:49:12,390 --> 00:49:10,240 always lots of students there the 1372 00:49:14,150 --> 00:49:12,400 students are very excited and very 1373 00:49:16,069 --> 00:49:14,160 interested sometimes the students make 1374 00:49:17,910 --> 00:49:16,079 up a quarter of the audience 1375 00:49:19,670 --> 00:49:17,920 so i can tell you that there are a lot 1376 00:49:20,390 --> 00:49:19,680 of students interested and they'll be 1377 00:49:22,390 --> 00:49:20,400 engaged 1378 00:49:24,390 --> 00:49:22,400 in the analysis as soon as we get that 1379 00:49:26,710 --> 00:49:24,400 data flowing 1380 00:49:28,790 --> 00:49:26,720 i think living with the star program 1381 00:49:30,549 --> 00:49:28,800 also has a summer school called 1382 00:49:31,990 --> 00:49:30,559 heliophysics summer school where we 1383 00:49:34,549 --> 00:49:32,000 actually train 1384 00:49:35,750 --> 00:49:34,559 the next generation of who we call 1385 00:49:37,630 --> 00:49:35,760 heliophysicists 1386 00:49:39,270 --> 00:49:37,640 who actually look at this broad 1387 00:49:41,910 --> 00:49:39,280 interdisciplinary signs 1388 00:49:42,390 --> 00:49:41,920 not only just radiation built signs but 1389 00:49:45,510 --> 00:49:42,400 how 1390 00:49:47,109 --> 00:49:45,520 does the sun relate to what goes on in 1391 00:49:50,150 --> 00:49:47,119 the radiation bill 1392 00:49:52,870 --> 00:49:50,160 we get about 40 students each year we 1393 00:49:53,589 --> 00:49:52,880 support undergraduate students post docs 1394 00:49:56,470 --> 00:49:53,599 so there 1395 00:49:59,829 --> 00:49:56,480 are a number of ways we are trying to 1396 00:50:01,990 --> 00:49:59,839 educate the next generation 1397 00:50:03,030 --> 00:50:02,000 thank you i believe we have space.com's 1398 00:50:06,549 --> 00:50:03,040 clara moskowitz 1399 00:50:08,870 --> 00:50:06,559 on the line again yes thank you 1400 00:50:09,750 --> 00:50:08,880 um just a quick question and a slightly 1401 00:50:10,950 --> 00:50:09,760 longer one 1402 00:50:13,349 --> 00:50:10,960 first of all i'm wondering what the 1403 00:50:15,910 --> 00:50:13,359 total cost of the mission is 1404 00:50:17,510 --> 00:50:15,920 and then secondly i have a question that 1405 00:50:20,630 --> 00:50:17,520 maybe is a dumb question but 1406 00:50:22,309 --> 00:50:20,640 if you have such um rigorous shielding 1407 00:50:23,990 --> 00:50:22,319 on the spacecraft then how are the 1408 00:50:25,510 --> 00:50:24,000 instruments going to be able to 1409 00:50:27,270 --> 00:50:25,520 measure all this radiation they're being 1410 00:50:29,030 --> 00:50:27,280 exposed to 1411 00:50:31,349 --> 00:50:29,040 i'll answer the first question to let 1412 00:50:32,470 --> 00:50:31,359 rick answer the second question the cost 1413 00:50:36,069 --> 00:50:32,480 of this mission 1414 00:50:37,349 --> 00:50:36,079 is about 670 million dollars and that 1415 00:50:40,470 --> 00:50:37,359 includes the launch 1416 00:50:40,950 --> 00:50:40,480 vehicle you want me to answer the answer 1417 00:50:42,790 --> 00:50:40,960 sure 1418 00:50:44,390 --> 00:50:42,800 okay that's an interesting question you 1419 00:50:46,069 --> 00:50:44,400 know one of the problems with measuring 1420 00:50:47,430 --> 00:50:46,079 these radiation particles that to 1421 00:50:48,710 --> 00:50:47,440 measure them you actually have to let 1422 00:50:51,430 --> 00:50:48,720 them into the sensor 1423 00:50:52,309 --> 00:50:51,440 and so uh you're uh you can't shield 1424 00:50:54,870 --> 00:50:52,319 everything out 1425 00:50:57,109 --> 00:50:54,880 you do you have a lot of shielding over 1426 00:50:59,510 --> 00:50:57,119 most of the instrument you control 1427 00:51:00,950 --> 00:50:59,520 the those particles that can ca come 1428 00:51:01,430 --> 00:51:00,960 into the instrument there are very there 1429 00:51:04,470 --> 00:51:01,440 are 1430 00:51:04,950 --> 00:51:04,480 orifices openings that allow it in one 1431 00:51:07,670 --> 00:51:04,960 of the 1432 00:51:09,349 --> 00:51:07,680 the new technologies that allows us to 1433 00:51:11,670 --> 00:51:09,359 make these measurements in a fashion 1434 00:51:13,910 --> 00:51:11,680 that we have not been able to do before 1435 00:51:16,470 --> 00:51:13,920 is the use of coincident measurements 1436 00:51:19,510 --> 00:51:16,480 and what that means is a particle come 1437 00:51:21,430 --> 00:51:19,520 it comes in it makes a measurement in 1438 00:51:23,670 --> 00:51:21,440 it makes a signal in one part of the 1439 00:51:25,589 --> 00:51:23,680 instrument if it goes further into the 1440 00:51:27,030 --> 00:51:25,599 instrument and makes a signal in another 1441 00:51:30,230 --> 00:51:27,040 part of the instrument 1442 00:51:33,510 --> 00:51:30,240 and and the timing between those two uh 1443 00:51:36,870 --> 00:51:33,520 signals is very very short and by using 1444 00:51:37,510 --> 00:51:36,880 very fast circuitry you can discriminate 1445 00:51:39,109 --> 00:51:37,520 between 1446 00:51:41,109 --> 00:51:39,119 those particles that you're trying to 1447 00:51:42,950 --> 00:51:41,119 measure we call it the foreground 1448 00:51:44,549 --> 00:51:42,960 from those particles that penetrate 1449 00:51:47,349 --> 00:51:44,559 through the sides of the boxes 1450 00:51:49,510 --> 00:51:47,359 or come in some other way and so these 1451 00:51:50,470 --> 00:51:49,520 it's very sophisticated technology that 1452 00:51:52,549 --> 00:51:50,480 allows you to 1453 00:51:53,990 --> 00:51:52,559 separate out the good stuff from the bad 1454 00:51:56,150 --> 00:51:54,000 stuff 1455 00:51:57,750 --> 00:51:56,160 and so that's a very good question and 1456 00:52:01,030 --> 00:51:57,760 it's a very hard one 1457 00:52:01,349 --> 00:52:01,040 to achieve but but recent technologies 1458 00:52:04,710 --> 00:52:01,359 have 1459 00:52:06,630 --> 00:52:04,720 allowed us to do that 1460 00:52:07,990 --> 00:52:06,640 all right question here you mentioned a 1461 00:52:09,349 --> 00:52:08,000 dish being built in south korea in 1462 00:52:11,589 --> 00:52:09,359 another country is 1463 00:52:12,549 --> 00:52:11,599 nasa actually downloading the data here 1464 00:52:14,069 --> 00:52:12,559 in the u.s 1465 00:52:16,630 --> 00:52:14,079 or just relying on foreign partners oh 1466 00:52:19,349 --> 00:52:16,640 absolutely i was talking about the space 1467 00:52:20,150 --> 00:52:19,359 weather data that's our broadcast that's 1468 00:52:23,670 --> 00:52:20,160 that's out 1469 00:52:26,630 --> 00:52:23,680 24 7. but absolutely apl 1470 00:52:27,510 --> 00:52:26,640 is the is is the site that is 1471 00:52:30,390 --> 00:52:27,520 downloading 1472 00:52:32,230 --> 00:52:30,400 the science data there's a recorder on 1473 00:52:35,190 --> 00:52:32,240 board and so 1474 00:52:35,589 --> 00:52:35,200 that data will be downloaded every day 1475 00:52:38,950 --> 00:52:35,599 well 1476 00:52:39,829 --> 00:52:38,960 maybe once a day i think uh from that 1477 00:52:42,230 --> 00:52:39,839 recorder 1478 00:52:43,750 --> 00:52:42,240 and it will be downloaded here in the us 1479 00:52:45,670 --> 00:52:43,760 and processed and it will be 1480 00:52:47,349 --> 00:52:45,680 sent out to all of the operating center 1481 00:52:48,710 --> 00:52:47,359 each of the instruments has their own 1482 00:52:50,950 --> 00:52:48,720 operating center 1483 00:52:53,990 --> 00:52:50,960 right so the primary ground station is 1484 00:52:56,630 --> 00:52:54,000 at apl we have an 18 meter dish at apl 1485 00:52:57,190 --> 00:52:56,640 our mission operations center is there 1486 00:53:01,190 --> 00:52:57,200 and 1487 00:53:04,230 --> 00:53:01,200 half gigabits of data a day 1488 00:53:04,790 --> 00:53:04,240 so it's it's kind of like uh a dvd movie 1489 00:53:08,150 --> 00:53:04,800 and a half 1490 00:53:09,990 --> 00:53:08,160 every day that we download and and the 1491 00:53:12,870 --> 00:53:10,000 the science data itself 1492 00:53:14,309 --> 00:53:12,880 um is what we call bent pipe transmitted 1493 00:53:16,230 --> 00:53:14,319 to science operations centers 1494 00:53:19,190 --> 00:53:16,240 distributed across the country 1495 00:53:22,150 --> 00:53:19,200 for the various um science instrument 1496 00:53:26,829 --> 00:53:25,190 thanks uh this question here relates to 1497 00:53:29,430 --> 00:53:26,839 that uh what will the data actually look 1498 00:53:33,430 --> 00:53:29,440 like 1499 00:53:36,150 --> 00:53:33,440 well i'll i'll start with that one 1500 00:53:36,710 --> 00:53:36,160 it won't be pictures because what what 1501 00:53:39,670 --> 00:53:36,720 we'll get 1502 00:53:41,109 --> 00:53:39,680 are counts of particles and we will turn 1503 00:53:43,349 --> 00:53:41,119 those into something we call 1504 00:53:45,510 --> 00:53:43,359 phase-based density which will give us a 1505 00:53:48,069 --> 00:53:45,520 a bigger picture of of 1506 00:53:49,670 --> 00:53:48,079 what the distribution is around the 1507 00:53:51,190 --> 00:53:49,680 environment which we will put into 1508 00:53:53,030 --> 00:53:51,200 pictures at some point 1509 00:53:54,950 --> 00:53:53,040 and we'll get some squiggly lines that 1510 00:53:56,390 --> 00:53:54,960 are that are magnetic field data and 1511 00:53:58,870 --> 00:53:56,400 electric field data that 1512 00:54:01,030 --> 00:53:58,880 and the squiggliness is what tells us 1513 00:54:03,589 --> 00:54:01,040 what the characteristics of the wave 1514 00:54:04,390 --> 00:54:03,599 are and so those will be the primary 1515 00:54:06,630 --> 00:54:04,400 data that come 1516 00:54:07,670 --> 00:54:06,640 in but we will take those data and we 1517 00:54:10,790 --> 00:54:07,680 will make them more 1518 00:54:13,109 --> 00:54:10,800 accessible and i mean that's what we use 1519 00:54:14,630 --> 00:54:13,119 to in order to interpret because it's 1520 00:54:16,309 --> 00:54:14,640 actually the interactions between the 1521 00:54:18,790 --> 00:54:16,319 particles and the waves 1522 00:54:20,710 --> 00:54:18,800 which gives us the science i wanted to 1523 00:54:23,750 --> 00:54:20,720 add that in fact we 1524 00:54:23,990 --> 00:54:23,760 that is the low level science products 1525 00:54:26,150 --> 00:54:24,000 but 1526 00:54:27,109 --> 00:54:26,160 in fact one can make pictures the movie 1527 00:54:29,109 --> 00:54:27,119 that uh 1528 00:54:31,190 --> 00:54:29,119 that mona showed and the movie that i 1529 00:54:33,990 --> 00:54:31,200 showed were actually real data 1530 00:54:36,309 --> 00:54:34,000 they were taken from the sampex mission 1531 00:54:38,230 --> 00:54:36,319 they were interpreted and put into a 1532 00:54:40,390 --> 00:54:38,240 three-dimensional context 1533 00:54:42,950 --> 00:54:40,400 and i am absolutely confident we will be 1534 00:54:43,670 --> 00:54:42,960 doing exactly the same thing on the rbsb 1535 00:54:46,069 --> 00:54:43,680 mission 1536 00:54:47,910 --> 00:54:46,079 once we understand we have to make 1537 00:54:49,030 --> 00:54:47,920 certain assumptions in order to turn it 1538 00:54:51,430 --> 00:54:49,040 into line plots 1539 00:54:53,270 --> 00:54:51,440 into a three-dimensional movie but once 1540 00:54:53,990 --> 00:54:53,280 we understand the physics we can make 1541 00:54:56,309 --> 00:54:54,000 those 1542 00:54:58,309 --> 00:54:56,319 uh though we can put that into the data 1543 00:54:59,270 --> 00:54:58,319 and we can actually display the data in 1544 00:55:00,950 --> 00:54:59,280 that movie 1545 00:55:03,030 --> 00:55:00,960 form and i'm like i said i'm sure we 1546 00:55:03,829 --> 00:55:03,040 will be doing that yeah because that's 1547 00:55:06,230 --> 00:55:03,839 actually very 1548 00:55:07,510 --> 00:55:06,240 useful for the scientists as well as for 1549 00:55:10,069 --> 00:55:07,520 the public because 1550 00:55:10,549 --> 00:55:10,079 pictures tell stories very well and you 1551 00:55:12,230 --> 00:55:10,559 can see 1552 00:55:13,910 --> 00:55:12,240 as you were watching those movies you 1553 00:55:15,990 --> 00:55:13,920 got a really good sense of what was 1554 00:55:18,309 --> 00:55:16,000 happening in the radiation belts 1555 00:55:20,150 --> 00:55:18,319 so we will use that and and barry is 1556 00:55:21,270 --> 00:55:20,160 right we will we will achieve these 1557 00:55:25,510 --> 00:55:21,280 kinds of movies 1558 00:55:26,950 --> 00:55:25,520 at some point but it won't be immediate 1559 00:55:31,109 --> 00:55:26,960 thanks we're going back to the telephone 1560 00:55:35,109 --> 00:55:33,589 hey i had a follow-up question they're 1561 00:55:37,670 --> 00:55:35,119 following up on clara's question 1562 00:55:38,870 --> 00:55:37,680 um rick you were talking about um 1563 00:55:40,950 --> 00:55:38,880 shielding the 1564 00:55:42,390 --> 00:55:40,960 the space the instruments from the 1565 00:55:43,990 --> 00:55:42,400 background particles the particles you 1566 00:55:45,430 --> 00:55:44,000 don't want and then letting in certain 1567 00:55:47,349 --> 00:55:45,440 particles but if they're all the same 1568 00:55:49,589 --> 00:55:47,359 particles in the radiation belt 1569 00:55:50,789 --> 00:55:49,599 how do you decide which ones you want as 1570 00:55:52,549 --> 00:55:50,799 background and which ones you want to 1571 00:55:54,870 --> 00:55:52,559 let in 1572 00:55:56,630 --> 00:55:54,880 that's actually a better one for barry i 1573 00:55:58,230 --> 00:55:56,640 can give a simplistic answer but barry 1574 00:55:59,589 --> 00:55:58,240 can give a very detailed answer do you 1575 00:56:02,630 --> 00:55:59,599 want to field that one barry 1576 00:56:04,549 --> 00:56:02,640 well as i said in a previous answer you 1577 00:56:07,270 --> 00:56:04,559 do shield most of the instrument very 1578 00:56:09,910 --> 00:56:07,280 very robustly but you do have to have 1579 00:56:11,030 --> 00:56:09,920 an aperture that allows some particles 1580 00:56:12,950 --> 00:56:11,040 to come in 1581 00:56:14,549 --> 00:56:12,960 uh the particles come through that 1582 00:56:16,549 --> 00:56:14,559 aperture and they're more or less coming 1583 00:56:17,430 --> 00:56:16,559 all from the same from the same 1584 00:56:19,829 --> 00:56:17,440 direction 1585 00:56:21,510 --> 00:56:19,839 and they will hit a uh they will hit 1586 00:56:24,710 --> 00:56:21,520 some kind of detector 1587 00:56:26,710 --> 00:56:24,720 but that detector can also be hit by 1588 00:56:27,589 --> 00:56:26,720 particles coming from other directions 1589 00:56:29,670 --> 00:56:27,599 and that's when this 1590 00:56:31,190 --> 00:56:29,680 where this coincident circuitry 1591 00:56:33,030 --> 00:56:31,200 coincidence measurement because that 1592 00:56:35,510 --> 00:56:33,040 particle coming in a straight line 1593 00:56:36,789 --> 00:56:35,520 will hit one detector and then proceed 1594 00:56:39,270 --> 00:56:36,799 into the 1595 00:56:40,549 --> 00:56:39,280 volume of the of the sensor and hit 1596 00:56:43,349 --> 00:56:40,559 another detector 1597 00:56:45,910 --> 00:56:43,359 and by demanding that when i get hit by 1598 00:56:46,789 --> 00:56:45,920 one detector i also get hit on the other 1599 00:56:49,349 --> 00:56:46,799 detector 1600 00:56:49,910 --> 00:56:49,359 i can tell what direction that particle 1601 00:56:51,910 --> 00:56:49,920 came from 1602 00:56:53,190 --> 00:56:51,920 i can tell that it came through the 1603 00:56:54,950 --> 00:56:53,200 proper aperture 1604 00:56:56,829 --> 00:56:54,960 and that it did not come through some 1605 00:56:58,950 --> 00:56:56,839 other direction so it's a very 1606 00:57:01,910 --> 00:56:58,960 sophisticated set of detectors 1607 00:57:03,670 --> 00:57:01,920 inside the inside the box that allows 1608 00:57:05,349 --> 00:57:03,680 you to discriminate from those particles 1609 00:57:06,870 --> 00:57:05,359 coming from the wrong direction 1610 00:57:09,270 --> 00:57:06,880 from those particles coming from the 1611 00:57:10,470 --> 00:57:09,280 right direction but maybe maybe to add 1612 00:57:12,549 --> 00:57:10,480 to that barry 1613 00:57:13,670 --> 00:57:12,559 the question is we are actually going to 1614 00:57:15,990 --> 00:57:13,680 be sampling 1615 00:57:17,990 --> 00:57:16,000 from lots of different directions 1616 00:57:20,549 --> 00:57:18,000 because we really do want to know 1617 00:57:21,910 --> 00:57:20,559 which direction in general or the 1618 00:57:24,069 --> 00:57:21,920 particles are coming from 1619 00:57:25,030 --> 00:57:24,079 and there are times when they come from 1620 00:57:27,349 --> 00:57:25,040 one direction 1621 00:57:29,109 --> 00:57:27,359 primarily and our instrument will be 1622 00:57:30,710 --> 00:57:29,119 able to tell us that because we'll be 1623 00:57:33,670 --> 00:57:30,720 sampling from a larger 1624 00:57:33,990 --> 00:57:33,680 set of directions but we will see that 1625 00:57:35,910 --> 00:57:34,000 oh 1626 00:57:37,349 --> 00:57:35,920 they're all coming from this direction 1627 00:57:39,030 --> 00:57:37,359 and we'll continue with that 1628 00:57:40,870 --> 00:57:39,040 and that's going to be in in three 1629 00:57:42,150 --> 00:57:40,880 dimensions so that we will really be 1630 00:57:43,750 --> 00:57:42,160 able to tell 1631 00:57:45,430 --> 00:57:43,760 where these particles are coming from 1632 00:57:46,950 --> 00:57:45,440 let me add that one of the important 1633 00:57:48,950 --> 00:57:46,960 aspect that this is a spinning 1634 00:57:50,309 --> 00:57:48,960 spacecraft so sometimes the detector 1635 00:57:51,670 --> 00:57:50,319 looks in one direction and then it's 1636 00:57:54,150 --> 00:57:51,680 spinning around so 1637 00:57:55,670 --> 00:57:54,160 at different times in the spin it is 1638 00:57:56,309 --> 00:57:55,680 looking in different directions and 1639 00:57:57,829 --> 00:57:56,319 that's how 1640 00:57:59,750 --> 00:57:57,839 that's one of the more important ways 1641 00:58:01,589 --> 00:57:59,760 that we get the directionality 1642 00:58:03,109 --> 00:58:01,599 of the particles that are coming uh 1643 00:58:04,870 --> 00:58:03,119 coming to the spacecraft 1644 00:58:06,829 --> 00:58:04,880 and one final point and this is the 1645 00:58:08,150 --> 00:58:06,839 simplistic part um that i could 1646 00:58:10,150 --> 00:58:08,160 summarize uh 1647 00:58:11,990 --> 00:58:10,160 the detecting part of the instruments is 1648 00:58:13,349 --> 00:58:12,000 specifically made to withstand 1649 00:58:14,870 --> 00:58:13,359 that that's what they're there for to 1650 00:58:15,910 --> 00:58:14,880 measure these these high-energy 1651 00:58:17,510 --> 00:58:15,920 particles 1652 00:58:19,109 --> 00:58:17,520 uh the other parts of the instrument are 1653 00:58:20,549 --> 00:58:19,119 the electronics that support these 1654 00:58:22,309 --> 00:58:20,559 detector circuits 1655 00:58:24,549 --> 00:58:22,319 and and those are the ones we want to 1656 00:58:25,109 --> 00:58:24,559 protect so the design of the instrument 1657 00:58:27,510 --> 00:58:25,119 itself 1658 00:58:29,510 --> 00:58:27,520 is made to to detect what we want to and 1659 00:58:32,470 --> 00:58:29,520 screen out uh the things that we don't 1660 00:58:33,829 --> 00:58:32,480 want to harm the instrument 1661 00:58:36,630 --> 00:58:33,839 thank you unfortunately we're going to 1662 00:58:37,990 --> 00:58:36,640 run out of time here but we'd like to 1663 00:58:39,670 --> 00:58:38,000 say thanks to our panelists for an 1664 00:58:41,349 --> 00:58:39,680 outstanding job today for more 1665 00:58:43,030 --> 00:58:41,359 information about this exciting mission 1666 00:58:46,230 --> 00:58:43,040 when it launches two weeks from now 1667 00:58:49,030 --> 00:58:46,240 visit us at www.nasa.gov 1668 00:58:51,109 --> 00:58:49,040 rbsp and for more information about nasa 1669 00:58:53,829 --> 00:58:51,119 or any of its many projects visit us on 1670 00:58:56,150 --> 00:58:53,839 the web at www.nasa.gov 1671 00:58:57,750 --> 00:58:56,160 or go to any of our many social media 1672 00:59:00,549 --> 00:58:57,760 venues such as facebook 1673 00:59:02,069 --> 00:59:00,559 google plus twitter and youtube that's